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arXiv:cond-mat/0012470 · Physical Review Letters

Indirect Interaction of Solid-State Qubits via Two-Dimensional Electron Gas

Dima Mozyrsky, Vladimir Privman A, M. L. Glasser

Published May 28, 2001• 114 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a mechanism of long-range coherent coupling between nuclear spin qubits in semiconductor-heterojunction quantum information processing devices. The coupling is via localized donor electrons which interact with the two-dimensional electron gas. An effective interaction Hamiltonian is derived and the coupling strength is evaluated. We also discuss mechanisms of decoherence and consider gate control of the interaction between qubits. The resulting quantum computing scheme retains all the control and measurement aspects of earlier approaches, but allows qubit spacing at distances of the order of 100 nm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.86.5112

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We propose a mechanism of long-range coherent coupling between nuclear spin qubits in semiconductor-heterojunction quantum information processing devices. The coupling is via localized donor electrons which interact with the two-dimensional electron gas. An effective interaction Hamiltonian is derived and the coupling strength is evaluated. We also discuss mechanisms of decoherence and consider gate control of the interaction between qubits. The resulting quantum computing scheme retains all the control and measurement aspects of earlier approaches, but allows qubit spacing at distances of the order of 100 nm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies.
We combine elements of the 1998 quantum computing proposals by Privman, Vagner and Kventsel, and by Kane, with the new idea of nuclear-spin qubit interactions mediated indirectly via the bound outer electrons of impurity atoms whose nuclear spins 1/2 are the qubits. These electrons, in turn, interact via the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall effect regime. The resulting quantum computing scheme retains all the gate-control and measurement aspects of the proposal by Kane, but allows qubit spacing at distances of order 100 nm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor-heterostructure device technologies.
Nuclear-spin qubit interactions in a heterostructure can be mediated via the bound outer electrons of impurity atoms whose nuclear spins 1/2 are the qubits. These outer electrons, in turn, interact via the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall effect regime. We devised a quantum computing scheme, based on this mechanism, with qubit separation of order 0.1 µm, attainable with the present-day semiconductor device technologies, and retaining all the gate-control and measurement aspects of earlier nuclear-spin quantum computing proposals.
We propose a mechanism of a long-range coherent interaction between two singlet-triplet qubits dipolarly coupled to a dogbone-shaped ferromagnet. An effective qubit-qubit interaction Hamiltonian is derived and the coupling strength is estimated. Furthermore we derive the effective coupling between two spin-1/2 qubits that are coupled via dipolar interaction to the ferromagnet and that lie at arbitrary positions and deduce the optimal positioning. We consider hybrid systems consisting of spin-1/2 and ST qubits and derive the effective Hamiltonian for this case. We then show that operation times vary between 1MHz and 100MHz and give explicit estimates for GaAs, Silicon, and NV-center based spin qubits. Finally, we explicitly construct the required sequences to implement a CNOT gate. The resulting quantum computing architecture retains all the single qubit gates and measurement aspects of earlier approaches, but allows qubit spacing at distances of order 1 μ\,μμm for two-qubit gates, achievable with current semiconductor technology.
Abstract We propose a scheme to achieve nuclear–nuclear indirect interactions mediated by a mechanically driven nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a diamond. Here we demonstrate two-qubit entangling gates and quantum-state transfer between two carbon nuclei. When the dipole–dipole interaction strength is much larger than the driving field strength, the scheme is robust against decoherence caused by coupling between the NV center (nuclear spins) and the environment. Conveniently, precise control of dipole coupling is not required so this scheme is insensitive to fluctuating positions of the nuclear spins and the NV center. Our scheme provides a general blueprint for multi-nuclear-spin gates and for multi-party communication.
Practical quantum computers require a large network of highly coherent qubits, interconnected in a design robust against errors. Donor spins in silicon provide state-of-the-art coherence and quantum gate fidelities, in a platform adapted from industrial semiconductor processing. Here we present a scalable design for a silicon quantum processor that does not require precise donor placement and leaves ample space for the routing of interconnects and readout devices. We introduce the flip-flop qubit, a combination of the electron-nuclear spin states of a phosphorus donor that can be controlled by microwave electric fields. Two-qubit gates exploit a second-order electric dipole-dipole interaction, allowing selective coupling beyond the nearest-neighbor, at separations of hundreds of nanometers, while microwave resonators can extend the entanglement to macroscopic distances. We predict gate fidelities within fault-tolerance thresholds using realistic noise models. This design provides a realizable blueprint for scalable spin-based quantum computers in silicon.Quantum computers will require a large network of coherent qubits, connected in a noise-resilient way. Tosi et al. present a design for a quantum processor based on electron-nuclear spins in silicon, with electrical control and coupling schemes that simplify qubit fabrication and operation.
We propose a scheme for quantum information processing based on donor electron spins in semiconductors, with an architecture complementary to the original Kane proposal. We show that a na\"{\i}ve implementation of electron spin qubits provides only modest improvement over the Kane scheme, however through the introduction of global gate control we are able to take full advantage of the fast electron evolution timescales. We estimate that the latent clock speed is 100--1000 times that of the nuclear spin quantum computer with the ratio T2∕Tops{T}_{2}∕{T}_{\mathrm{ops}}T2​∕Tops​ approaching the 106{10}^{6}106 level.