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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

Spreading Sequences for Asynchronous Spectrally Phase Encoded Optical CDMA

Reza Omrani, P. Vijay Kumar

Published Jul 1, 2006• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In phase encoding optical CDMA (OCDMA) the spreading is achieved by encoding the phase of signal spectrum. In this paper we first derive a mathematical model for the output of phase encoding OCDMA systems. Based on this model we introduce a metric to design spreading sequences for asynchronous transmission. Then we connect the phase encoding sequence design problem to OFDM PMEPR (peak to mean envelope power ratio) problem. Using this connection we conclude that designing sequences with good properties for samples of timing delay guarantees that the same sequence to be good for all timing delays. Finally using generalized bent function we manage to construct a family of sequences which are good for asynchronous phase encoding OCDMA systems and using these sequences we introduce an M-ary modulation scheme for phase encoding OCDMA

DOI
10.1109/isit.2006.262132

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Emmanouel Varvarigos, Jawad A. Salehi

Optical CDMA is being proposed as a suitable multiaccess technique to take advantage of the large bandwidth available in single-mode fiber-optic communications. In a CDMA system the communication link is shared by a number of users each of which has a unique address code, called signature. Recently an all-optical CDMA system based upon encoding and decoding coherent ultrashort pulses was introduced [l]. In the proposed optical CDMA system the transmitter consists of a bandhiited signal source, that generates a train of ultrashort light pulses. The output of the bandlimited source is multiplied by a data source that takes values 0 or 1 (ON-OFF Keying). If the data is 0, then no energy is transmitted. If the data is 1, then the ultrashort pulse is sent to the spectral-phase encoder which adds a determinate phase shift to each spectral component of the ultrashort pulse. When a pseudorandom set of spectral phase shifts is selected, spectral phase coding spreads the incident ultrashort pulse into a longer, lower intensity pseudonoise burst 111. The receiver is assumed to be a correlation receiver which is matched to the desired signal. The correlation process (optical decoder) is similar to that of the optical encoder, except that the decoder's spectral-phase code is the complex conjugate of the encoder's spectral-phase code. Thus a pulse is properly decoded when the encoding and decoding masks are a complex conjugate pair, in which case the spectral phase shifts are removed and the original pulse is recovered. On the other hand, when the encoding and decoding masks do not match, the spectral phase shifts are rearranged but not removed, and the output remains a low intensity pseudonoise burst. A threshold device is set to detect data corresponding to intense, properly decoded pulses and to reject low intensity, improperly decoded, pseudonoise bursts. An important factor in the performance of the proposed CDMA systrm is the peak intensity of the encoded signals. We consider using random signatures for the phase encoding of the phase pulses in the system and prove that they result in a fairly low peak intensity of the signals. We assume that the ultra-short light pulses are characterized by an ideal rectangular spectrum with bandwidth W. The ultrashort light pulse has peak intensity Po and duration t, $. Pulses of this form had been used in the experiments reported in [l]. The encodfng is taking place in the frequency domain. The signal

IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)•Aug 24, 2005•0 citations
In phase encoding optical CDMA (OCDMA) the spreading is achieved by encoding the phase of signal spectrum. In this paper we first derive a mathematical model for the output of phase encoding OCDMA systems. Based on this model we introduce a metric to design spreading sequences for asynchronous transmission. Then we connect the phase encoding sequence design problem to OFDM PMEPR (peak to mean envelope power ratio) problem. Using this connection we conclude that designing sequences with good properties for samples of timing delay guarantees that the same sequence to be good for all timing delays. Finally using generalized bent function we manage to construct a family of sequences which are good for asynchronous phase encoding OCDMA systems and using these sequences we introduce an M-ary modulation scheme for phase encoding OCDMA
We propose a novel quasi-synchronous coherent time-spreading optical CDMA (TS-OCDMA) system, where the synchronization among users can be controlled within permissible time delay. Relationship between the system performance and code parameters is analyzed. In quasi-synchronous coherent TS-OCDMA system, beat noise (BN) and multiple-access interference (MAI) are depend- ent on the mean intensity of aperiodic cross-correlation within permissible time delay. LA sequence is employed in this network, and code performance is analyzed. Within permissible time delay, the mean intensity of aperiodic cross-correlation equals zero, and hence the BN and MAI can be eliminated in quasi-synchronous coherent TS- OCDMA system. When the time delay is out of zero correlation zone, crosstalk value of LA sequence is less than that of Gold sequence. Therefore, quasi-synchronous coherent TS-OCDMA using LA sequence is beneficial in a low-user-load OCDMA network.
Although, enhanced security is often mentioned as a noticeable benefit of spectrally phase encoded optical CDMA (SPE-OCDMA) systems, the quantity and degree of security enhancement is not considered deeply in the literature. One of the facts in determining the degree of security is to assess the resistance capability of the system against various jammers attacks. In this paper, we introduce and model three types of jammers, namely (Pulse Jammer, Partialband Jammer, and Follower Jammer). We mathematically analyze the effects of the above jammers on the performance of the SPE-OCDMA systems that use On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation scheme. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions, the performance of the system can be dramatically degraded due to the jamming signals. Moreover, it is seen that the strongest jammer is the follower jammer.
The performance of coherent time-spreading (TS) and asynchronous TS phase coding optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) systems is investigated and analyzed. Particular consideration is given however to both beat noise (BN) and multiple-access interference (MAI) effects, and the impact of decision threshold on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance is evaluated. Improvement of the BER performance can be obtained by use of optimum threshold detection, and the improvement is more apparent in the asynchronous TS OCDMA scheme for a low number of simultaneous users with long code length.
Optical CDMA is being proposed as a suitable multiaccess technique to take advantage of the large bandwidth available in single-mode fiber-optic communications. In a CDMA system the communication link is shared by a number of users each of which has a unique address code, called signature. Recently an all-optical CDMA system based upon encoding and decoding coherent ultrashort pulses was introduced [l]. In the proposed optical CDMA system the transmitter consists of a bandhiited signal source, that generates a train of ultrashort light pulses. The output of the bandlimited source is multiplied by a data source that takes values 0 or 1 (ON-OFF Keying). If the data is 0, then no energy is transmitted. If the data is 1, then the ultrashort pulse is sent to the spectral-phase encoder which adds a determinate phase shift to each spectral component of the ultrashort pulse. When a pseudorandom set of spectral phase shifts is selected, spectral phase coding spreads the incident ultrashort pulse into a longer, lower intensity pseudonoise burst 111. The receiver is assumed to be a correlation receiver which is matched to the desired signal. The correlation process (optical decoder) is similar to that of the optical encoder, except that the decoder's spectral-phase code is the complex conjugate of the encoder's spectral-phase code. Thus a pulse is properly decoded when the encoding and decoding masks are a complex conjugate pair, in which case the spectral phase shifts are removed and the original pulse is recovered. On the other hand, when the encoding and decoding masks do not match, the spectral phase shifts are rearranged but not removed, and the output remains a low intensity pseudonoise burst. A threshold device is set to detect data corresponding to intense, properly decoded pulses and to reject low intensity, improperly decoded, pseudonoise bursts. An important factor in the performance of the proposed CDMA systrm is the peak intensity of the encoded signals. We consider using random signatures for the phase encoding of the phase pulses in the system and prove that they result in a fairly low peak intensity of the signals. We assume that the ultra-short light pulses are characterized by an ideal rectangular spectrum with bandwidth W. The ultrashort light pulse has peak intensity Po and duration t, $. Pulses of this form had been used in the experiments reported in [l]. The encodfng is taking place in the frequency domain. The signal