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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Experimental investigation on security of temporal phase coding OCDMA system with code-shift keying and differential phase-shift keying

Bo Dai, Zhensen Gao, Xu Wang, Nobuyuki Kataoka, Naoya Wada

Published Dec 26, 2010• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the security vulnerability in the temporal phase coding single-user differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and code-shift keying (CSK) OCDMA systems with a DPSK demodulator. In the experiment, we build up the 2.5Gbit/s DPSK- and CSK-OCDMA systems. In the systems, we use two 31-chip 640 Gchip/s superstructured fiber Bragg grating encoders for the signal encoding. In the receiving side, we remove the decoders and utilize the DPSK demodulator to detect the encoded signals directly. We successfully achieve the error-free BER performance and obtaine the clear open eye diagrams using the detection without the proper decoding. It indicates the existence of the eavesdropping vulnerability in the both systems. Furthermore, we also discuss the principle of DPSK demodulation attack.

DOI
10.1117/12.887713

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Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology•Jan 1, 2012•1 citation
We experimentally demonstrate the security vulnerability in the temporal phase coding single-user differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and code-shift keying (CSK) OCDMA systems with a DPSK demodulator. In the experiment, we build up the 2.5Gbit/s DPSK- and CSK-OCDMA systems. In the systems, we use two 31-chip 640 Gchip/s superstructured fiber Bragg grating encoders for the signal encoding. In the receiving side, we remove the decoders and utilize the DPSK demodulator to detect the encoded signals directly. We successfully achieve the error-free BER performance and obtaine the clear open eye diagrams using the detection without the proper decoding. It indicates the existence of the eavesdropping vulnerability in the both systems. Furthermore, we also discuss the principle of DPSK demodulation attack.
We experimentally demonstrate the security vulnerability in the temporal phase coding single-user differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and code-shift keying (CSK) OCDMA systems with a DPSK demodulator. In the experiment, we build up the 2.5Gbit/s DPSK- and CSK-OCDMA systems. In the systems, we use two 31-chip 640 Gchip/s superstructured fiber Bragg grating encoders for the signal encoding. In the receiving side, we remove the decoders and utilize the DPSK demodulator to detect the encoded signals directly. We successfully achieve the error-free BER performance and obtaine the clear open eye diagrams using the detection without the proper decoding. It indicates the existence of the eavesdropping vulnerability in the both systems. Furthermore, we also discuss the principle of DPSK demodulation attack.
In this letter, the information security of an optical code-based communication system employing orthogonal differential phase-shift keying (DPSK)/code-shift keying (CSK) modulation is first investigated using two eaves dropping methods, one-bit delay interference detection and differential detection. The investigation results show that the security vulnerability exists only in the CSK channel while the DPSK channel can thwart these attacks. Therefore, the concept of public-key cryptography is introduced into the system to efficiently use these two orthogonal channels for both public key distribution and encrypted data transmission. The privacy of the transmitted data can be double guaranteed by public-key cryptography scheme logically and optical code-processing techniques physically.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a transparent optical-code-division multiplexing (OCDM) overlay public dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) network architecture enabled by a passive spectral notch filter for extracting and detecting a secure OCDM signal, which employs a time domain spectral phase encoding/decoding scheme that can simultaneously generate differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) data and optical code patterns using only a single phase modulator. The time domain encoded OCDM signal has been scrambled bit-by-bit by a prime hopping pattern and concealed in the public DWDM channels to significantly improve the OCDM channel security. The effect of optical code patterns, the channel number, and bandwidth of the spectral notch filters on the system performance has been theoretically simulated and experimentally validated. In the experiment, error-free transmission of a 2.5-Gb/s time domain spectral phase encoded DPSK–OCDM signal with three 8-chip, 20-Gchip/s optical codes and a scrambled code pattern in the transparent OCDM overlay two-channel 10-Gb/s DWDM network has been successfully demonstrated.
A novel technique to enhance the security of an optical code division multipleaccess (OCDMA) system against eavesdropping is proposed. It has been observed that whena single user is active in the network, an eavesdropper can easily sift the data beingtransmitted without decoding. To increase the security, a virtual user scheme is proposed andsimulated on a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) OCDMA system. By using the virtualuser scheme, the security of the DPSK-OCDMA system can be effectively improved and themultiple access interference, which is generally considered to be a limitation of the OCDMAsystem, is used to increase the confidentiality of the system.