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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Polarization dependent gain in erbium doped-fiber amplifiers

V.J. Mazurczyk, J.L. Zyskind

Published May 1, 1994• 102 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Measurement of polarization hole burning is reported for an erbium doped fiber amplifier. This effect produces a dependence of gain, measured with a weak probe, on the polarization of the saturating signal; the maximum gain occurs for probe polarizations orthogonal to the signal. The pump also contributes to the gain dependence on polarization. Reduction of the degree of polarization of both pump and signal below 10% reduces the polarization dependent gain substantially.>

DOI
10.1109/68.285558

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In Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), ASE polarized orthogonal to a saturating signal experiences more gain than ASE with the same polarization as the saturating signal.1 The accumulated enhancement of orthogonal ASE degrades the performance of long systems.1,2 This effect has been observed in single EDFAs using differential measurement techniques.3,4 A computer model of polarization hole-burning (PHB) has been presented.5 It postulates that each ion has an ellipsoid-like surface representing the emission and absorption cross-sections. The ratio of the major to minor cross-sections is the anisotropy parameter:

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Michael J. Yadlowsky

Gain-difference spectra are used to show that 980-nm band pump wavelength changes can significantly effect spectral-hole burning (SHB) in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Gain measurements made using a number of different signal and pump wavelengths help to characterize the underlying inhomogeneous spectral properties of EDFAs and a framework for modeling these effects is presented. Despite the difficulty of obtaining the needed subpopulation specific cross section spectra, this model can be used to explain seemingly anomalous changes in the gain spectra of EDFA as a result of changes in signal or pump wavelength.

Journal of Lightwave Technology•Jan 1, 1999•14 citations
Measurement of polarization hole burning is reported for an erbium doped fiber amplifier. This effect produces a dependence of gain, measured with a weak probe, on the polarization of the saturating signal; the maximum gain occurs for probe polarizations orthogonal to the signal. The pump also contributes to the gain dependence on polarization. Reduction of the degree of polarization of both pump and signal below 10% reduces the polarization dependent gain substantially.>
One component of polarization-dependent gain (PDG) in optical amplifiers has been shown to originate from polarization hole burning (PHB) in the erbium fibers.1 In this paper we quantify its magnitude for copumped amplifiers under operating conditions typical of those used in long-haul amplified systems. We find that PDG can be significant, even when the polarization state of the signal is circular, and that hole burning due to the polarization of the 1480-nm pump laser contributes significantly to the overall polarization-dependent gain of the fiber.
Polarization hole burning, PHB, has been observed in erbium doped fiber amplifiers[1]. PHB is an anisotropic saturation created when a polarized saturating signal is launched into the erbium doped fiber. A corresponding anisotropic gain is also created. The gain, measured with a weak probe, is found to be larger for a probe polarized orthogonal to the saturating signal compared to a probe polarized parallel to the saturating signal. The effect is typically expressed as the gain difference, δG, (in dB) for the two probe polarizations.
Polarization hole burning (PHB) has been observed in individual erbium-doped amplifiers.1 PHB means that a polarized saturating signal causes anisotropic saturation in an erbium- doped fiber (EDF). The resulting gain measured with a weak probe is maximum when the probe state of polarization (SOP) is orthogonal to the signal SOP and is minimum for the same SOP. The absorption is also anisotropic and is the compliment of the gain; i.e., where the gain is maximum the absorption is minimum and vice versa. The saturation anisotropy is characterized by the difference (in dB) between extrema for gain δG or the absorption δA. If the same order of subtraction is maintained, δG is positive and δA is negative.
In Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), ASE polarized orthogonal to a saturating signal experiences more gain than ASE with the same polarization as the saturating signal.1 The accumulated enhancement of orthogonal ASE degrades the performance of long systems.1,2 This effect has been observed in single EDFAs using differential measurement techniques.3,4 A computer model of polarization hole-burning (PHB) has been presented.5 It postulates that each ion has an ellipsoid-like surface representing the emission and absorption cross-sections. The ratio of the major to minor cross-sections is the anisotropy parameter:
Gain-difference spectra are used to show that 980-nm band pump wavelength changes can significantly effect spectral-hole burning (SHB) in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). Gain measurements made using a number of different signal and pump wavelengths help to characterize the underlying inhomogeneous spectral properties of EDFAs and a framework for modeling these effects is presented. Despite the difficulty of obtaining the needed subpopulation specific cross section spectra, this model can be used to explain seemingly anomalous changes in the gain spectra of EDFA as a result of changes in signal or pump wavelength.