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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Observation of polarization hole burning in Er-doped fiber for circular polarization of the saturating signal

V.J. Mazurczyk, Rogers H. Stolen, Jau-Sheng Wang, CRAIG D. POOLE

Published Jan 1, 1995• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Polarization hole burning (PHB) has been observed in individual erbium-doped amplifiers.1 PHB means that a polarized saturating signal causes anisotropic saturation in an erbium- doped fiber (EDF). The resulting gain measured with a weak probe is maximum when the probe state of polarization (SOP) is orthogonal to the signal SOP and is minimum for the same SOP. The absorption is also anisotropic and is the compliment of the gain; i.e., where the gain is maximum the absorption is minimum and vice versa. The saturation anisotropy is characterized by the difference (in dB) between extrema for gain δG or the absorption δA. If the same order of subtraction is maintained, δG is positive and δA is negative.

DOI
10.1364/ofc.1995.tuj7

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arXiv:1104.5302•Journal of Lightwave Technology•Mar 15, 2011•11 citations
Polarization hole burning (PHB) has been observed in individual erbium-doped amplifiers.1 PHB means that a polarized saturating signal causes anisotropic saturation in an erbium- doped fiber (EDF). The resulting gain measured with a weak probe is maximum when the probe state of polarization (SOP) is orthogonal to the signal SOP and is minimum for the same SOP. The absorption is also anisotropic and is the compliment of the gain; i.e., where the gain is maximum the absorption is minimum and vice versa. The saturation anisotropy is characterized by the difference (in dB) between extrema for gain δG or the absorption δA. If the same order of subtraction is maintained, δG is positive and δA is negative.
Polarization hole burning, PHB, has been observed in erbium doped fiber amplifiers[1]. PHB is an anisotropic saturation created when a polarized saturating signal is launched into the erbium doped fiber. A corresponding anisotropic gain is also created. The gain, measured with a weak probe, is found to be larger for a probe polarized orthogonal to the saturating signal compared to a probe polarized parallel to the saturating signal. The effect is typically expressed as the gain difference, δG, (in dB) for the two probe polarizations.
In Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), ASE polarized orthogonal to a saturating signal experiences more gain than ASE with the same polarization as the saturating signal.1 The accumulated enhancement of orthogonal ASE degrades the performance of long systems.1,2 This effect has been observed in single EDFAs using differential measurement techniques.3,4 A computer model of polarization hole-burning (PHB) has been presented.5 It postulates that each ion has an ellipsoid-like surface representing the emission and absorption cross-sections. The ratio of the major to minor cross-sections is the anisotropy parameter:
One component of polarization-dependent gain (PDG) in optical amplifiers has been shown to originate from polarization hole burning (PHB) in the erbium fibers.1 In this paper we quantify its magnitude for copumped amplifiers under operating conditions typical of those used in long-haul amplified systems. We find that PDG can be significant, even when the polarization state of the signal is circular, and that hole burning due to the polarization of the 1480-nm pump laser contributes significantly to the overall polarization-dependent gain of the fiber.
"Theoretical evaluations of polarization degree of the fluorescence excited in erbium doped fibers (EDF) dependence on the excitation light power are presented. In calculations we use the model of randomly oriented and not interacting Er3+ ions. Assumption of the reduced optical anisotropy of the individual ions (with the absorption/emission cross-sections described with the ellipsoids) is shown to be necessary to get a reasonable agreement with the existing experimental data. Similar values of the anisotropy parameters (0.6-0.7) are also utilized to explain the experimental data on polarization hole burning in EDF earlier."
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers can present holes in spectral gain in Wavelength Division Multiplexing operation. The origin of this inhomogeneous saturation behavior is still a subject of controversy. In this paper we present both an experimental methods and a gain's model. Our experimental method allow us to measure the first homogeneous linewidth of the 1.5μ\muμm erbium emission with gain spectral hole burning consistently with the other measurement in the literature and the model explains the differences observed in literature between GSHB and other measurement methods.