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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Transient Saturation Spectroscopy for measuring the lifetime of hyperfine sublevels in 167Er3+ ions doped in a silicate glass fiber

Daisuke Hashimoto, Kaoru Shimizu

Published May 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report our observation of the high population relaxation rate β of hyperfine sublevels in167Er3+ions doped in a silicate glass fiber (EDF). In contrast to the case with a crystalline Y2SiO5host, we observed that the β value became two orders higher at 4 K. Furthermore, we observed the decrease in the β value with respect to the increase in the temperature from 4 K to 20 K.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2011.5942839

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"Experimental results on formation dynamics of population gratings in erbium-doped fiber (EDF) investigated via two-wave mixing (TWM) are reported. It is shown that at all three utilized essentially different recording wavelengths 1492, 1526 and 1568nm the transient TWM response in EDF with low erbium concentration (¼ 640 ppm) has the characteristic rate significantly larger than that of the population of the Er3+ meta-stable level evaluated from the fluorescence dynamics. Additionally in EDF with high erbium concentration (¼ 5600 ppm) the TWM response is faster (even at low recording power) and the relative TWM amplitude is lower than that in EDF with low concentration. General increase of the TWM response rate is explained by contribution of a transient decrease of the fiber average absorption level, while above-mentioned differences observed in heavily doped EDF - by spatial migration of the excited states. The spectral dependence of the later effect is attributed to the difference in the absorption/emission cross-section ratio of the Er3+ ions at the utilized wavelengths."

Revista Mexicana de Física•Dec 1, 2015•1 citation
We report our observation of the high population relaxation rate β of hyperfine sublevels in167Er3+ions doped in a silicate glass fiber (EDF). In contrast to the case with a crystalline Y2SiO5host, we observed that the β value became two orders higher at 4 K. Furthermore, we observed the decrease in the β value with respect to the increase in the temperature from 4 K to 20 K.
We demonstrate transient saturation spectroscopy for 167Er3+ ions doped in a silicate glass fiber cooled at 2.5–30 K to measure the population relaxation time t1 of the hyperfine sublevels. The observed t1 value is 3.1 ms at 4 K and we observe anomalous temperature dependence whereby t1 becomes rather longer with heating from 4 to 30 K. We can regard the population relaxation as a result of the Raman scattering of the Boson peak mode (BPM) peculiar to a silicate glass by the 4f-electrons of the 167Er3+ ions. We can attribute the anomalous temperature dependence to the suppression of the Raman scattering by thermal hopping of the localized BPM.
We have been investigating hyperfine sublevels of 67 Er 3+ ions doped in a silicate glass fiber with the objective of demonstrating quantum memory in the .5-µmtelecommunication band.Memory time is determined by the stability of hyperfine sublevels (the lifetime) of 67 Er 3+ ions, so it is therefore necessary to clarify the lifetime properties.This article describes (i) the anomalous temperature dependence of the lifetime that was unexpectedly discovered in the lifetime measurements and (ii) the physical properties of glass that resulted in the anomalous phenomenon.
We use spectral hole burning to investigate spin dynamics within the electronic Zeeman sublevels of the ground state of the erbium ions in erbium-doped fibers (EDF). Conducted at ultra-low temperatures and under varying magnetic fields, our study reveals distinct changes in spin relaxation dynamics across different conditions. We identified three decay components at approximately 7 mK, with one achieving spin lifetimes of over 9 hours under optimal conditions, while two components were observed at higher temperatures. The fairly stable relative weights of the decay components across conditions suggest distinct ion populations contributing to the observed relaxation dynamics. While earlier studies struggled to account for all decay components at higher temperatures, our approach successfully models spin dynamics across all observed decay components, using a consistent set of underlying mechanisms, including spin flip-flop interactions, direct coupling to two-level systems, and Raman-type processes, and distinguishes the decay components by the strengths with which these mechanisms contribute. These results suggest EDFs' potential as a promising candidate for quantum memory applications, with further room for optimization.
Long-lived population storage in optically pumped levels of rare-earth ions doped into solids, referred to as persistent spectral hole burning, is of significant fundamental and technological interest. However, the demonstration of deep and persistent holes in rare-earth ion doped amorphous hosts, e.g., glasses, has remained an open challenge for many decades---a fact that motivates our work towards a better understanding of the interaction between impurities and vibrational modes in glasses. Here we report the observation and detailed characterization of such holes in an erbium-doped silica glass fiber cooled to below 1 K. We demonstrate population storage in electronic Zeeman sublevels of the erbium ground state with lifetimes up to 30 seconds and 80% spin polarization. In addition to its fundamental aspect, our investigation reveals a potential technological application of rare-earth ion doped amorphous materials, including at telecommunication wavelength.
"Experimental results on formation dynamics of population gratings in erbium-doped fiber (EDF) investigated via two-wave mixing (TWM) are reported. It is shown that at all three utilized essentially different recording wavelengths 1492, 1526 and 1568nm the transient TWM response in EDF with low erbium concentration (¼ 640 ppm) has the characteristic rate significantly larger than that of the population of the Er3+ meta-stable level evaluated from the fluorescence dynamics. Additionally in EDF with high erbium concentration (¼ 5600 ppm) the TWM response is faster (even at low recording power) and the relative TWM amplitude is lower than that in EDF with low concentration. General increase of the TWM response rate is explained by contribution of a transient decrease of the fiber average absorption level, while above-mentioned differences observed in heavily doped EDF - by spatial migration of the excited states. The spectral dependence of the later effect is attributed to the difference in the absorption/emission cross-section ratio of the Er3+ ions at the utilized wavelengths."