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Pure and Applied Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part A

Quantum nonlinear optics in artificially phase-matched materials

Juan Ariel Levenson, P. Vidaković, C. Simonneau

Published Mar 1, 1998• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a brief overview of the recent developments in quantum optics concerning the control and reduction of quantum noise. The achievements on squeezing, quantum non-demolition measurement and noiseless optical functions are summarized. The present limitations in quantum performance are discussed. We particularly stress the role of nonlinear optics and point out the advantages expected from the implementation of new artificially phase-matched materials, in different configurations including cascaded second-order nonlinearities.

DOI
10.1088/0963-9659/7/2/017

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We present a brief overview of the recent developments in quantum optics concerning the control and reduction of quantum noise. The achievements on squeezing, quantum non-demolition measurement and noiseless optical functions are summarized. The present limitations in quantum performance are discussed. We particularly stress the role of nonlinear optics and point out the advantages expected from the implementation of new artificially phase-matched materials, in different configurations including cascaded second-order nonlinearities.
The present calculation on squeezing capabilities of quadratic nonlinear media in which the phase matching condition is achieved artificially by a periodic poling of the nonlinear susceptibility shows that interesting performance can be obtained for highly integrable and nonlinear materials, using technologies already developed. The origin of squeezing in quasi-phase matched (QPM) media is the cascading of two second order nonlinearities, which at small second harmonic conversion rates has properties similar to a more familiar, purely third order nonlinear effect—Kerr effect.
Quantum noise in a model of singly resonant frequency doubling including phase mismatch and driving in the harmonic mode is analyzed. The general formulae about the fixed points and their stability as well as the squeezing spectra calculated linearizing around such points are given. The use of a nonlinear normalization allows to disentangle in the spectra the dynamic response of the system from the contributions of the various noisy inputs. A general ``reference'' model for one-mode systems is developed in which the dynamic aspects of the problem are not contaminated by static contributions from the noisy inputs. The physical insight gained permits the elaboration of general criteria to optimize the noise suppression performance. With respect to the squeezing in the fundamental mode the optimum working point is located near the first turning point of the dispersive bistability induced by cascading of the second order nonlinear response. The nonlinearities induced by conventional crystals appear enough to reach it being the squeezing ultimately limited by the escape efficiency of the cavity. In the case of the harmonic mode both, finite phase mismatch and/or harmonic mode driving allow for an optimum dynamic response of the system something not possible in the standard phase matched Second Harmonic Generation. The squeezing is then limited by the losses in the harmonic mode, allowing for very high degrees of squeezing because of the non-resonant nature of the mode. This opens the possibility of very high performances using artificial materials with resonantly enhanced nonlinearities. It is also shown how it is possible to substantially increase the noise reduction and at the same time to more than double the output power for parameters corresponding to reported experiments.
Quantum noise in a model of singly resonant frequency doubling, including phase mismatch and driving in the harmonic mode, is analyzed. The use of a nonlinear normalization allows us to disentangle in the spectra the squeezing induced by the system dynamics from the deleterious effect of the noise coming from the various inputs. The physical insight gained permits the elaboration of general criteria to optimize noise-suppression performance. The subsequent application to the specific system here addressed reveals excellent squeezing behavior. In particular, unlimited degrees of squeezing in the harmonic mode are possible by means of an adequate phase mismatch or driving in the harmonic mode. This is in contrast with the standard phase-matched second-harmonic generation in which the squeezing is limited to 1/9. The applicability of the model, as well as possible experimental implementations, is extensively discussed.
We present the use of quasi-phase matching technique and integrated optical technology on lithium niobate for quantum optical information. Based on recent achievements, we will discuss the large potential of nonlinear integrated quantum optics. The use of integrated optical technology and quasi-phase matching technique, extensively developped in our laboratory on lithium niobate, is very attractive for quatum optics as it allows the integration of various elements such as correlated pair sources, electrically controllable beam splitters, phase modulators, and wavelength selectors, on a single wafer, eventually eliminating the need for bulk optical interconnections. Such integrated optical components should permit the realization of compact, performant, elements for various quantum optical experiments.