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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Quantum noise reduction in quasi-phase-matched optical parametric amplification

Kamel Bencheikh, E. Huntziger, Juan Ariel Levenson

Published May 1, 1995• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a calculation of quantum noise for parametric amplification in periodically inverted nonlinear media. An analytical expression is obtained for the noise figure of the amplifier. We show that such optical parametric amplifiers run in a phase-sensitive configuration can achieve noiseless amplification and squeezing, thus constituting a promising way for the integration of noiseless optical amplifiers in a communication line.

DOI
10.1364/josab.12.000847

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We present a calculation of quantum noise for parametric amplification in periodically inverted nonlinear media. An analytical expression is obtained for the noise figure of the amplifier. We show that such optical parametric amplifiers run in a phase-sensitive configuration can achieve noiseless amplification and squeezing, thus constituting a promising way for the integration of noiseless optical amplifiers in a communication line.
The paper describes a phase-mismatched Fokker–Planck equation formulation for parametric amplification in periodically inverted nonlinear media. An analytical solution of the phase-mismatched Fokker–Planck equation and the amplitude quantum fluctuation after passing through the quasi-phase-matched (QPM) device are obtained. The calculated results for the QPM device conform to that of the Langevin equation in the case of no loss k=0, and give a general solution for k≠0. From this one can derive knowledge of the dependence of squeezing on the loss coefficient k and make a comparison between the QPM device and a phase matched device at the threshold k=ε0.
We experimentally demonstrate that a type-II pulsed optical parametric amplifier operated in a phase-insensitive configuration works as a near-perfect classical optical amplifier whose noise figure approaches 3 dB at high gains. We further demonstrate that, when operated in a phase-sensitive configuration, this amplifier works as a quantum-optical amplifier whose noise figure goes below 3 dB and approaches 0 dB at high gains. The noise figure of 1.45 ± 0.2 dB, measured for a gain of 9 dB, is clearly in the quantum regime.
Summary form only given. Optical imaging is one of the important potential applications for nonclassic states of light. It has been shown that spatially broadband squeezed light can be used to image faint objects with sub-shot-noise sensitivity. Broad spatial bandwidth of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), determined by phase-matching conditions, makes it a good choice for studying the feasibility of imaging with nonclassic states. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first observation of noiseless amplification of an image by means of phase-sensitive parametric amplification.
We used a spatially broadband optical parametric amplifier for image amplification. In the phase-sensitive configuration of the amplifier, we observed noiseless amplification of input images. For a gain of $\ensuremath{\simeq}2.5$, we measured noise-figure values of ( $0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$) and ( $0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$) dB, respectively, for two amplifiers of different lengths. These experimental values agree with theory (for an ideal noiseless amplifier the noise figure is 0 dB) and are almost 2 dB lower than the quantum limit of an ideal phase-insensitive amplifier.
We investigate amplification of optical images by means of a traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier. As shown recently for a cavity-based geometry, such a scheme can amplify images without deteriorating their signal-to-noise ratio thus working as a noiseless amplifier. Here we consider a configuration without cavity, which is more realistic for a possible experimental realization. We study in detail the quantum fluctuations of the amplifier and formulate criteria for its noiseless performance. We investigate physical features of noiseless amplification, which take place for both traveling-wave and ring-cavity configurations. We demonstrate how the optimum phase matching of a phase-sensitive wave front of an image (by means of a thin lens or a small displacement of the crystal) can improve the noise performance of the amplifier and bring it to the ultimate value achievable under given physical conditions. We discuss the possibility of using detectors with the area much smaller than the area of the input image elements. We compare our results with those obtained for the ring-cavity configuration.