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The European Physical Journal A

Effect of thermal ground state correlations on the statistical properties of the Lipkin model

A.I. Vdovin, Aleksej Nikolaevich Storozhenko

Published Jul 1, 1999• 8 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s100500050285

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Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) models describe a set of NNN qubits which are located at the corners of an NNN-dimensional simplex and embedded in an external magnetic field. Because of its high coordinate number, quantum correlations in the models are quite nontrivial. For instance, in the large-NNN limit, two-site entanglement concurrence vanishes for any magnetic field. Multisite global entanglement and generalized global entanglement also tend to vanish in some quantum regions. We characterize the quantum correlations in the LMG model with multipartite nonlocality. In LMG models with anisotropy in the $x\ensuremath{-}y$ plane, for any fixed magnetic field, the ground-state nonlocality (denoted by S\mathcal{S}S) is found to scale as ${log}_{10}\mathcal{S}\ensuremath{\sim}aN+b$, with aaa and bbb the fitting parameters. For LMG models which are isotropic in the $x\ensuremath{-}y$ plane, nevertheless, the nonlocality for each Dicke state scales as ${log}_{10}\mathcal{S}\ensuremath{\sim}a\frac{1}{N}+b$, with b>0b>0b>0. Signals for the quantum phase transitions of the models will also be discussed. These results indicate that multipartite nonlocality captures some key ingredient of the ground-state quantum correlations in the models. In addition to the ground states, we also study multipartite nonlocality in the LMG models at finite temperatures. In the anisotropic models, the thermal stability of the nonlocality at low temperatures is determined by the energy gap. For the isotropic models, nevertheless, as the temperature increases, the nonlocality presents a sharp valley which is followed by a round peak. The behavior is far beyond the above-mentioned ``thermal stability vs energy gap'' picture. The underlying mechanics is the ``contribution inversion'' of low-lying energy states in the thermal-state nonlocality $\mathcal{S}({\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{T})$; that is, in a low-temperature region, the first-excited state ``defeats'' the ground state and plays a dominant role in thermal-state nonlocality.
The Lipkin model is the simplest algebraic model in which we can investigate a ground state transition in a fermion system. This model is also applied to the description of the thermal equilibrium state. In this paper, we investigate its stability with respect to changes in the particle number and the volume. In order to enable us to take the thermal limit, an appropriate number dependence is introduced into the force strength. We show with the use of a mean field approximation that the thermal equilibrium state in the condensed phase of particle-hole pairs becomes unstable.