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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

Perturbative solution for analysis of coherent processes in a double-Λ atomic scheme

Jelena Dimitrijević, D. Arsenović, Branislav M. Jelenkovic

Published Nov 23, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.nimb.2011.10.056

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We study a double-Λ atomic scheme that interacts with four laser light beams so that a closed loop of radiation-induced transitions is formed. When specific relations for field phases, frequencies and amplitudes are satisfied, coherent superpositions (the so-called ‘dark states’) can be formed in a double-Λ, which leads to the well-known effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). If the interaction scheme in a double-Λ system is such that a closed loop is formed, the relative phase of the laser light fields becomes very important. We analyze here the effect of the lasers' relative phase on the EIT in double-Λ configuration of levels. The theoretical study of interactions of lasers with a double-Λ atomic scheme is commonly conducted by solving the optical Bloch equations (OBEs). We use here a perturbative method for solving OBEs, where the interaction of lasers with double-Λ is considered a perturbation. An advantage of the perturbative method is that it generally produces simpler solutions, and analytical expressions can be obtained. We present analytical expressions for the lower-order corrections of the EIT signal. Our results show that the EIT by the perturbative method can be approximated by the sum of products of complex Lorentzians. Through these expressions, we see in what way the relative phase affects the overall EIT profile.
A time-dependent perturbational approach is used to study the Raman echo generated by an inhomogeneous ensemble of three-level atomic systems in the Λ configuration. The sixth-order perturbative solution for coherence between the two lower states contains eight echo terms that are visualized with double Feynman diagrams. The echo is interpreted as a response of the ensemble to six short single-frequency optical pulses whose timing satisfies a special condition. Nonperturbative numerical simulation confirms the predictions of the perturbation analysis about the main characteristics of the echo. When the excitation pulses vary adiabatically with respect to fast optical coherence decay the echo amplitude depends on interference of the eight terms. A computational scheme developed for the higher-order perturbative analysis is also discussed.
We investigate a phase-controllable mechanism for generating optical torque in a five-level double-tripod (DT) atom-light coupling scheme interacting with four strong coherent control fields as well as two weak optical vortex probe beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). The spatial phase gradients of the OAM-carrying probes induce a quantized torque that is transferred to the atoms, rotating them and generating a directed atomic flow within an annular geometry. Analytical solutions of the optical Bloch equations under steady-state conditions show that the induced torque and resulting rotational motion exhibit high sensitivity to phase variations. We show that the DT system coherently reconfigures into either coupled Λ or double-Λ schemes depending on the relative phases, with each configuration exhibiting distinct quantized torque characteristics. This enables precise phase control of the atomic current flow, with potential applications in quantum control, precision measurement, and quantum information processing.