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Physical Review E

Amplitude ratios for critical systems in the c=−2 universality class

N. Sh. Izmailian, Chin‐Kun Hu

Published Jan 11, 2013• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the finite-size corrections of the critical dense polymer (CDP) and the dimer models on ∞×N rectangular lattice. We find that the finite-size corrections in the CDP and dimer models depend in a crucial way on the parity of N, and a change of the parity of N is equivalent to the change of boundary conditions. We present a set of universal amplitude ratios for amplitudes in finite-size correction terms of critical systems in the universality class with central charge c=-2. The results are in perfect agreement with a perturbated conformal field theory under the assumption that all analytical corrections coming from the operators which belongs to the tower of the identity. Our results inspire many interesting problems for further studies.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.87.012110

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We study the finite-size corrections of the critical dense polymer (CDP) and the dimer models on ∞×N rectangular lattice. We find that the finite-size corrections in the CDP and dimer models depend in a crucial way on the parity of N, and a change of the parity of N is equivalent to the change of boundary conditions. We present a set of universal amplitude ratios for amplitudes in finite-size correction terms of critical systems in the universality class with central charge c=-2. The results are in perfect agreement with a perturbated conformal field theory under the assumption that all analytical corrections coming from the operators which belongs to the tower of the identity. Our results inspire many interesting problems for further studies.
In this paper we derive the finite size corrections to the energy eigenvalues of the energy for 2D dimers on a square lattice. These finite size corrections, as in the case of Critical Dense Polymers, are proportional to the eigenvalues of the Local Integrals of Motion of Bazhanov Lukyanov and Zamolodchikov for central charge c=−2c=-2c=−2. This sheds more light on the status of the Dimer model as a conformal field theory with this value of the certral charge.
We show that for conformally invariant two-dimensional systems, the amplitude of the finite-size corrections to the free energy of an infinitely long strip of width L at criticality is linearly related to the conformal anomaly number c, for various boundary conditions. The result is confirmed by renormalization-group arguments and numerical calculations. It is also related to the magnitude of the Casimir effect in an interacting one-dimensional field theory, and to the low-temperature specific heat in quantum chains.
We study the (analytic) finite-size corrections in the Ising model on the strip with free, fixed (++), and mixed boundary conditions. For fixed (++) boundary conditions, the spins are fixed to the same values on two sides of the strip. We find that subdominant finite-size corrections to scaling should be to the form a(p)/N(2p-1) for the free energy f(N) and b(p)/N(2p-1) for inverse correlation length ξ(N)(-1), with integer value of p. We investigate the set {a(p),b(p)} by exact evaluation and their changes upon varying anisotropy of coupling. We find that the amplitude ratios b(p)/a(p) remain constant upon varying coupling anisotropy. Such universal behavior is correctly reproduced by the conformal perturbative approach.
We analyze the finite-size corrections to entanglement in quantum critical systems. By using conformal symmetry and density functional theory, we discuss the structure of the finite-size contributions to a general measure of ground state entanglement, which are ruled by the central charge of the underlying conformal field theory. More generally, we show that all conformal towers formed by an infinite number of excited states (as the size of the system $L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) exhibit a unique pattern of entanglement, which differ only at leading order (1∕L)2{(1∕L)}^{2}(1∕L)2. In this case, entanglement is also shown to obey a universal structure, given by the anomalous dimensions of the primary operators of the theory. As an illustration, we discuss the behavior of pairwise entanglement for the eigenspectrum of the spin-1∕21∕21∕2 XXZXXZXXZ chain with an arbitrary length LLL for both periodic and twisted boundary conditions.
We present the finite-size scaling theory of one-dimensional quantum critical systems in the presence of boundaries. While the finite-size spectrum in the conformal limit, namely of a conformal field theory with conformally invariant boundary conditions, is related to the dimensions of boundary operators by Cardy, the actual spectra of lattice models are affected by both bulk and boundary perturbations and contain non-universal boundary energies. We obtain a general expression of the finite-size energy levels in the presence of bulk and boundary perturbations. In particular, a generic boundary perturbation related to the energy-momentum tensor gives rise to a renormalization of the effective system size. We verify our field-theory formulation by comparing the results with the exact solution of the critical transverse-field Ising chain and with accurate numerical results on the critical three-state Potts chain obtained by Density-Matrix Renormalization Group.
The exact critical Casimir amplitude is derived for anisotropic systems within the d=2 Ising universality class by combining conformal field theory with anisotropic φ^{4} theory. Explicit results are presented for the general anisotropic scalar φ^{4} model and for the fully anisotropic triangular-lattice Ising model in finite rectangular and infinite strip geometries with periodic boundary conditions. These results demonstrate the validity of multiparameter universality for confined anisotropic systems and the nonuniversality of the critical Casimir amplitude. We find an unexpected complex form of self-similarity of the anisotropy effects near the instability where weak anisotropy breaks down. This can be traced back to the property of modular invariance of isotropic conformal field theory for d=2. More generally, for d>2 we predict the existence of self-similar structures of the finite-size scaling functions of O(n)-symmetric systems with planar anisotropies and periodic boundary conditions both in the critical region for n≥1 as well as in the Goldstone-dominated low-temperature region for n≥2.