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Journal of Applied Physics

Manipulation of electromagnetically-induced transparency in planar metamaterials based on phase coupling

Xing-Ri Jin, Yuehui Lu, Jinwoo Park, Haiyu Zheng, Feng Gao, YoungPak Lee, J. Y. Rhee, Ki Won Kim, Hyeonsik Cheong, Won Ho Jang

Published Apr 1, 2012• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrated a controllable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectral response at microwave frequencies in a planar metamaterial consisting of two identical split-ring resonators (SRRs) with side-by-side symmetry. In our scheme, phase coupling between the two SRRs (serving as the bright mode), which were excited strongly by the incident wave, was employed, and it was found that the EIT-like spectral response could be controlled by simply adjusting the incident angle. Thus, our scheme may be used for electromagnetic-wave switching. A high group index for slow-light application and a high quality factor could be obtained by simply controlling the incident angle.

DOI
10.1063/1.3699197

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We experimentally demonstrated a controllable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectral response at microwave frequencies in a planar metamaterial consisting of two identical split-ring resonators (SRRs) with side-by-side symmetry. In our scheme, phase coupling between the two SRRs (serving as the bright mode), which were excited strongly by the incident wave, was employed, and it was found that the EIT-like spectral response could be controlled by simply adjusting the incident angle. Thus, our scheme may be used for electromagnetic-wave switching. A high group index for slow-light application and a high quality factor could be obtained by simply controlling the incident angle.
This study demonstrates a metamaterial with two coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media. The coupling between two SRR induces a frequency splitting in the spectral response of the metamaterial, opening up a narrow transmission band in the centre of the absorption line. The obtained reduction in group velocity together with the low absorption is useful for a variety of slow-light applications, without the need for the extreme cooling or the large magnetic fields that are typically required for EIT in atomic systems.
Using a planar metamaterial, which consists of two silver strips, we theoretically demonstrate the plasmonic electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT)-like spectral response at optical frequencies. The two silver strips serve as the bright modes, and are excited strongly by the incident wave. Based on the weak hybridization between the two bright modes, a highly-dispersive plasmonic EIT-like spectral response appears in our scheme. Moreover, the group index is higher than that of another scheme which utilizes the strong coupling between the bright and dark modes.
Metamaterials, or artificial materials with optical properties not known for natural materials, have recently been used to demonstrate unusual optical phenomena, such as negative refraction, perfect lenses, subwavelength components, and electromagnetic invisibility cloaks. Most of the metamaterials designed to date are periodic structures containing a single resonating element in each unit cell, such as a split-ring resonator (SRR), a cutwire, or a slab-wire pair [1]. In this contribution, we demonstrate that a metamaterial with two coupled SRRs can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media [2]. Due to this process, a small transparency window with low absorption appears in the spectral response of the metamaterial. Simultaneously, extremely steep normal dispersion is observed in the transparency window, which is useful for slow-light applications.
We report on our experimental work concerning a planar metamaterial exhibiting classical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using a structure with two mirrored split-ring resonators as the dark element and a cut wire as the radiative element, we demonstrate that an EIT-like resonance can be achieved without breaking the symmetry of the structure. The mirror symmetry of the metamaterial’s structural element results in a selection rule inhibiting magnetic dipole radiation for the dark element, and the increased quality factor leads to low absorption (<10%) and large group index (of the order of 30).
In this paper, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate classical analogy of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with simultaneously exciting the electric and the magnetic resonance. The cut wire and the split-ring resonator (SRR) are chosen as the bright and the quasi-dark EIT resonators, respectively. Under incident electromagnetic wave illumination, an EIT-like sharp transmission window can be observed. The group index exceeds 140, which can be applied for slow electromagnetic wave velocity. Furthermore, the underlying physics can be interpreted by the concept of hybridization model. The simultaneous excitation of the electric and the magnetic resonance can make up for the shortcomings of the other existing designs. More importantly, it can enrich metamaterial analogy of electromagnetically induced transparency.
Abstract Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterials promises tremendous potential applications. However, previously reported strategies most require sensitive materials as well as additional experimental apparatus, which are inconvenient for on-chip operation and restrain their implementations in fully integrated design. We propose a low-loss all-dielectric metamaterial with orthogonal double bright modes, which shows a narrowband transparency window at 950.05 nm with a high Q -factor of 2111. Just by varying the incident light polarization angle, an on-to-off in-situ EIT modulation without changing Q -factor is perfectly achieved, and the modulation depth can be up to 99.7%. Additionally, optical control of group delay with up to 36.22 ps is also demonstrated. This work provides a simple route to design chip-scale devices with optically dynamic controllability and finds fascinating applications in low-loss active slow light devices, optical switch and sensitive bio-sensing.