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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Corner transfer matrices and quantum affine algebras

Brian Davies

Published Jan 21, 1994• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We consider corner transfer matrices of the six-vertex model and of its spin-l/2 generalizations, truncated to a finite lattice, in the anti-ferromagnetic regime. We show that, in the sense of finite size approximation, the low-lying eigenvectors approximate weight vectors of a level-l highest weight U q (sl 2 ) module, whilst the truncated corner transfer matrices approximate the role of a derivation operator. Our method is to first use the theory of the crystal base to prove the result exactly at q=0, and then extend to q not=0. We also consider the relationship between truncated corner transfer matrices, the vertex operator construction of Frenkel and Reshetikhin (1992), and Baxter's original argument for the properties of CTMs (1976).

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/27/2/020

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We consider corner transfer matrices of the six-vertex model and of its spin-l/2 generalizations, truncated to a finite lattice, in the anti-ferromagnetic regime. We show that, in the sense of finite size approximation, the low-lying eigenvectors approximate weight vectors of a level-l highest weight U q (sl 2 ) module, whilst the truncated corner transfer matrices approximate the role of a derivation operator. Our method is to first use the theory of the crystal base to prove the result exactly at q=0, and then extend to q not=0. We also consider the relationship between truncated corner transfer matrices, the vertex operator construction of Frenkel and Reshetikhin (1992), and Baxter's original argument for the properties of CTMs (1976).
Eigenstates of the corner transfer matrix (CTM) for the six-vertex model are constructed and their relation to the Bethe ansatz eigenstates of the XXZ Hamiltonian is discussed. In the ferromagnetic regime ( Delta >1), eigenstates with any finite number of overturned arrows are constructed. They are related to the Bethe ansatz states by Fourier transformation over spectral (rapidity) variables. This exhibits the role of the CTM as a lattice boost operator. For the antiferromagnetic regime, the relation between CTM eigenstates and those of the XXZ Hamiltonian is complicated by the filling of the sea and associated Bethe ansatz integral equations. For this case, the authors construct CTM eigenstates by first showing that the Hamiltonian ground state is also an eigenstate of the CTM. Other CTM eigenstates are constructed from excited eigenstates of the Hamiltonian by Fourier transforming over the rapidity of each dressed excitation. They discuss the relationship between CTM eigenstates and a Heisenberg algebra of bosonic oscillators.
In this paper we review the theory of the Yang–Baxter equation related to the 6-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. We employ a 3D approach to the problem. Starting with the 3D R-matrix, we consider a two-layer projection of the corresponding 3D lattice model. As a result, we obtain a new expression for the higher spin R-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). In the simplest case of the spin s=1/2 this R-matrix naturally reduces to the R-matrix of the 6-vertex model. Taking a special limit in our construction we also obtain new formulas for the Q-operators acting in the representation space of arbitrary (half-)integer spin. Remarkably, this construction can be naturally extended to any complex values of spin s. We also give all functional equations satisfied by the transfer-matrices and Q-operators.
A lattice Virasoro algebra is constructed for the Baxter eight-vertex model. The operator L0{\mathrm{L}}_{0}L0​ is obtained from the logarithm of the corner transfer matrix and is given by the first moment of the XYZ spin-chain Hamiltonian. The algebra is valid even when the Hamiltonian includes a mass term, in which case it represents lattice coordinate transformations which distinguish between even and odd sublattices. We apply the quantum inverse scattering method to demonstrate that the Virasoro algebra follows from the Yang-Baxter relations.
In this paper we continue the study of Q-operators in the six-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. In [1] we derived a new expression for the higher spin R-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). Taking a special limit in this R-matrix we obtained new formulas for the Q-operators acting in the tensor product of representation spaces with arbitrary complex spin. Here we use a different strategy and construct Q-operators as integral operators with factorized kernels based on the original Baxter's method used in the solution of the eight-vertex model. We compare this approach with the method developed in [1] and find the explicit connection between two constructions. We also discuss a reduction to the case of finite-dimensional representations with (half-)integer spins.