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arXiv:1406.0662 · Nuclear Physics B

Q-operators in the six-vertex model

Vladimir V. Mangazeev

Published Jul 2, 2014• 31 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we continue the study of Q-operators in the six-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. In [1] we derived a new expression for the higher spin R-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). Taking a special limit in this R-matrix we obtained new formulas for the Q-operators acting in the tensor product of representation spaces with arbitrary complex spin. Here we use a different strategy and construct Q-operators as integral operators with factorized kernels based on the original Baxter's method used in the solution of the eight-vertex model. We compare this approach with the method developed in [1] and find the explicit connection between two constructions. We also discuss a reduction to the case of finite-dimensional representations with (half-)integer spins.

DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2014.06.024

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In this paper we continue the study of Q-operators in the six-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. In [1] we derived a new expression for the higher spin R-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). Taking a special limit in this R-matrix we obtained new formulas for the Q-operators acting in the tensor product of representation spaces with arbitrary complex spin. Here we use a different strategy and construct Q-operators as integral operators with factorized kernels based on the original Baxter's method used in the solution of the eight-vertex model. We compare this approach with the method developed in [1] and find the explicit connection between two constructions. We also discuss a reduction to the case of finite-dimensional representations with (half-)integer spins.
In this paper we review the theory of the Yang–Baxter equation related to the 6-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. We employ a 3D approach to the problem. Starting with the 3D R-matrix, we consider a two-layer projection of the corresponding 3D lattice model. As a result, we obtain a new expression for the higher spin R-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). In the simplest case of the spin s=1/2 this R-matrix naturally reduces to the R-matrix of the 6-vertex model. Taking a special limit in our construction we also obtain new formulas for the Q-operators acting in the representation space of arbitrary (half-)integer spin. Remarkably, this construction can be naturally extended to any complex values of spin s. We also give all functional equations satisfied by the transfer-matrices and Q-operators.
In this paper we consider solutions to the reflection equation related to the higher spin stochastic six vertex model. The corresponding higher spin R-matrix is associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). The explicit formulas for boundary K-matrices for spins s=1/2,1 are well known. We derive difference equations for the generating function of matrix elements of the K-matrix for any spin s and solve them in terms of hypergeometric functions. As a result we derive the explicit formula for matrix elements of the K-matrix for arbitrary spin. In the lower- and upper- triangular cases, the K-matrix simplifies and reduces to simple products of q-Pochhammer symbols.
Among the models of interacting classical statistical mechanics the Yang–Baxter (YB) integrable systems play a special role. The central model in the theory of yb integrable systems is the six vertex model. many powerful techniques were developed to study the six vertex model. The model under consideration is the Izergin-Korepin (IK) nineteen vertex model, which can be viewed as a generalization of the six vertex model. Our aim is to understand the physics of the ik model using the extensions of the methods which were applied to the six vertex model. We review the algebraic bethe ansatz for the IK model based on the nineteen-vertex R-matrix and propose a new presentation for the eigenstate of the relevant transfer matrix. We also address the question of the calculation of the scalar products of the IK model. an important object in the theory of scalar products is the domain wall boundary partition function. for this partition function defined for the IK model we derive a recurrence relation and solve it in a special case. We move on to the representation theory of the underlying quantum group (U_q(A^{(2)}_{2})), for which we compute all higher dimensional irreducible representations which are relevant for the IK model (Kirillov-Reshetikhin (KR) modules). The latter is accomplished in the so-called drinfeld presentation of quantum groups. This presentation has technical advantages for computations of the R-matrices by means of the Khoroshkin-Tolstoy (KT) formula. We use this to compute the R-matrix in a tensor product of the fundamental representation and a generic higher dimensional kr module. On the other hand, the Drinfeld presentation makes apparent the connection between the borel subalgebras of the quantum group U_q(A^{(2)}_{2}) and the Q-deformed oscillator algebras (oscq). The latter algebras are closely related to the representation theoretic definition of special transfer matrices: the Q-operators; these operators are central in the theory of functional relations of integrable models. we use the oscq type algebras in the KT formula to compute some L-matrices which are used to build the Q-operators. finally, we consider a special case of the ground state of the IK model when the deformation parameter Q is equal to a root of unity. In this case we compute explicitly the ground state eigenvalues of various transfer matrices including the Q-operator. we use the latter result to compute the components of the ground state of the IK model for small systems.
We study the higher spin analogs of the six-vertex model on the basis of its symmetry under the quantum affine algebra [Formula: see text]. Using the method developed recently for the XXZ spin chain, we formulate the space of states, transfer matrix, vacuum, creation/ annihilation operators of particles, and local operators, purely in the language of representation theory. We find that, regardless of the level of the representation involved, the particles have spin 1/2, and that the n-particle space has an RSOS type structure rather than a simple tensor product of the one-particle space. This agrees with the picture proposed earlier by Reshetikhin.
Abstract One of the features of Baxter’s Q-operators for many closed spin chain models is that all transfer matrices arise as products of two Q-operators with shifts in the spectral parameter. In the representation-theoretical approach to Q-operators, underlying this is a factorization formula for L-operators (solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation associated to particular infinite-dimensional representations). To extend such a formalism to open spin chains, one needs a factorization identity for solutions of the reflection equation (boundary Yang–Baxter equation) associated to these representations. In the case of quantum affine sl2\mathfrak {sl}_2sl2​ sl 2 and diagonal K-matrices, we derive such an identity using the recently formulated theory of universal K-matrices for quantum affine algebras.
We develop an approach for constructing the Baxter -operators for generic sl ( N ) spin chains. The key element of our approach is the possibility of representing a solution of the Yang–Baxter equation in the factorized form. We prove that such a representation holds for a generic sl ( N ) invariant -operator and find the explicit expression for the factorizing operators. Taking trace of monodromy matrices constructed of the factorizing operators one defines a family of commuting (Baxter) operators on the quantum space of the model. We show that a generic transfer matrix factorizes into the product of N Baxter -operators and discuss an application of this representation for a derivation of functional relations for transfer matrices.