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Physical Review Letters

Spin-Flip Raman Echo in n -Type CdS

Pan Hu, Stanley Geschwind, Thomas M. Jedju

Published Nov 15, 1976• 82 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the first observation of a Raman echo, using spin-flip Raman scattering at 4905 \AA{} of bound donors in CdS to create a coherent spin state. The free-induction decays associated with each pulse in the sequence of two $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}$ pulses as well as the echo are probed by spin-flip Raman scattering at 4880 \AA{}.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.37.1357

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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations
We report on the first observation of a Raman echo, using spin-flip Raman scattering at 4905 \AA{} of bound donors in CdS to create a coherent spin state. The free-induction decays associated with each pulse in the sequence of two \ensuremathπ2\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}2\ensuremathπ​ pulses as well as the echo are probed by spin-flip Raman scattering at 4880 \AA{}.
We investigate the use of resonant optical Raman pulses to excite and rephase ground state spin coherences via the partial storage or shelving of atoms. Unlike direct-rf-excited spin echoes or off-resonant Raman echoes, the resonant Raman optical field efficiently excites and rephases the spin coherence using \ensuremath{\pi} and 2\ensuremath{\pi} pulses, respectively. In a crystal of Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ doped Y2SiO5,{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5},Y2​SiO5​, we experimentally observe spin echo efficiency as high as 46% of the free induction decay signal.
A quantum-mechanical many-particle system may exhibit nonlocal behavior in that measurements performed on one of the particles can affect a second one that is far apart. These so-called entangled states are crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols and gates for quantum computation. Here, we use ultrafast optical pulses and coherent pump-probe techniques to create and control spin entangled states in an ensemble of up to three non-interacting electrons bound to donors in a ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}$Te quantum well. Our method, relying on the exchange interaction between optically excited excitons and the paramagnetic impurities, can in principle be applied to entangle an arbitrarily large number of electrons. A microscopic theory of impulsive stimulated Raman scattering and a model for multi-spin entanglement are presented. The signature of entanglement is the observation of overtones of donor spin-flips in the differential reflectivity of the probe pulse. Results are shown for resonant excitation of localized excitons below the gap, and above the gap where the signatures of entanglement are significantly enhanced. Data is also presented on the generation of coherent excitations of antiferromagnetically coupled manganese pairs, folded acoustic phonons, exciton Zeeman beats and entanglement involving two Mn+2{\mathrm{Mn}}^{+2}Mn+2 ions.
Using double optical Raman rephasing, an inversion-free resonant Raman echo is studied in an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble of a solid medium, where the Raman optical field-excited spin coherence has a frozen propagation vector. Unlike photon echoes whose quantum memory application is strictly limited due to πrephasing pulse-induced population inversion causing quantum noises, the optical Raman field-excited spin echo is inherently silent owing to the frozen propagation vector. Thus, the doubly rephased Raman echo can be directly applied for quantum interface in a population inversion-free environment.
There has been much recent interest in the use of optical photon echoes for information storage and processing. Unfortunately, existing optical echo memories require doped crystals at liquid He temperature. The proposed scheme uses an optically excited microwave spin echo to store optical temporal information in the Raman excited ground state coherences. The advantage is that microwave echoes are known to exist at room temperature with decay times approaching 1 s in certain materials. We show that these spin echoes can be excited and detected optically, thereby allowing storage densities that are comparable to the optical echo techniques. Briefly, a three level A system is used, which can be excited by two near resonant optical transitions or one near resonant microwave transition. The Raman interaction first stores temporal and phase information in an inhomogeneously broadened ground states coherence. A microwave π-pulse is used to time-reverse the coherences, thus generating spin echoes that can be detected optically by a Raman probe. Preliminary experimental results will also be reviewed.