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Physical Review A

Third-order dispersion drastically changes parametric gain in optical fiber systems

Mikhail I. Kolobov, Arnaud Mussot, Alexandre Kudlinski, Eric Louvergneaux, Majid Taki

Published Mar 1, 2011• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that the third-order dispersion drastically changes the phase-sensitive parametric gain in cw-pumped fiber systems. We analytically calculate the phase-sensitive gain as a function of the frequency for amplification of two weak monochromatic fields with spectral components symmetric with respect to the pump field. In the absence of the third-order dispersion, the phase-sensitive gain is symmetric with respect to the frequency. When the third-order dispersion is present, the gain has an asymmetric shape. This asymmetry has its origin in the phase-sensitive nature of the parametric gain.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.035801

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We demonstrate that the third-order dispersion drastically changes the phase-sensitive parametric gain in cw-pumped fiber systems. We analytically calculate the phase-sensitive gain as a function of the frequency for amplification of two weak monochromatic fields with spectral components symmetric with respect to the pump field. In the absence of the third-order dispersion, the phase-sensitive gain is symmetric with respect to the frequency. When the third-order dispersion is present, the gain has an asymmetric shape. This asymmetry has its origin in the phase-sensitive nature of the parametric gain.
Dual-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers offer wide, flat gain spectra across arbitrary wavelengths, often outperforming the use of single-pump designs. However, gain flatness depends on the pump frequencies’ center of gravity relative to the nonlinear fiber’s zero-dispersion wavelength. This study experimentally investigated the gain, gain flatness, and noise figure of degenerate dual-pump fiber-optic phase-sensitive amplification at various separations between these points. We demonstrated 38 dB gain with 1.5 dB gain flatness variation over a 30 nm bandwidth as well as a noise figure below the conventional 3 dB quantum limit for a degenerate signal.
We experimentally demonstrate a single-pumped, non-degenerate phase-sensitive parametric amplifier with a precise control of phase and amplitude of the in-going waves and investigate in detail its gain, attenuation and saturation properties in comparison with operation in phase insensitive amplifier (PIA) mode. We experimentally observe the variation of the gain and attenuation as a function of the relative phase, pump power and the signal-idler power ratio. The phase sensitive gain spectrum is studied over a 24 nm symmetrical bandwidth and we achieve a maximum phase sensitive amplification (PSA) gain of 33 dB. A departure from the theoretical maximum attenuation as the gain increases is observed and explained.
We theoretically and experimentally study changes with pump power in the polarization of an optical signal as it simultaneously experiences Kerr-effect-induced birefringence and four-wave-mixing-based parametric amplification from a copropagating pump in an optical fiber. It is shown that the changes caused by the two nonlinear optical effects are orthogonal to each other in the Stokes space. Results also show that the pump polarization state works as an attractor for signal polarization. The implications of this feature to fiber parametric amplifiers and entangled-photon sources are discussed, and a fiber polarization switch is demonstrated.
We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, a phase-sensitive amplifier based on frequency nondegenerate parametric amplification in optical fiber, where the input signal-idler pair is prepared all-optically. Using two fiber-optic parametric amplifier sections separated by a fiber-based wavelength-dependent phase shifter, we observe and investigate phase-sensitive gain profile in the 1550 nm region both experimentally and theoretically. The realized scheme automatically generates gain-defining phase that is environmentally stable, making it advantageous for building phase-sensitive transmission links.
We study the interplay between parametric and Raman gain in photonic crystal fibers by taking into account the vector nature of the electric field, the fiber frequency dependent birefringence, the Kerr nonlinear coefficient, the Raman gain profile and chromatic dispersion. In particular, we show that an accurate representation of the frequency dependence of the nonlinear and dispersive properties of a photonic crystal fiber is essential for correctly describing the overall gain profile for a probe signal at large frequency detuning from a continuous wave or pulsed pump. For example, we found that fourth and higher order dispersion have a striking influence on the spectrum of modulation polarization instability gain in both the high and low birefringence regime, in that the vector parametric gain is suppressed above a critical level of linear birefringence. We validated the theory by experimental observations of vector parametric amplification in high birefringence holey fiber with triple defects.