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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Transient processes in propagation of an ultrashort pulse in a three-level medium

Махвиладзе Тариэль Михайлович, I. G. Sinitsyn, Leonid A. Shelepin

Published Jun 30, 1977• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An analysis is made of the effects associated with the propagation of an ultrashort pulse in a three-level resonance medium. It is shown that the dynamics of the changes in the pulse during its propagation differs considerably from the usual self-induced transparency effect in a two-level medium. It is predicted theoretically that there should be a propagation regime accompanied by periodic variation of the pulse shape.

DOI
10.1070/qe1977v007n06abeh012886

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An analysis is made of the effects associated with the propagation of an ultrashort pulse in a three-level resonance medium. It is shown that the dynamics of the changes in the pulse during its propagation differs considerably from the usual self-induced transparency effect in a two-level medium. It is predicted theoretically that there should be a propagation regime accompanied by periodic variation of the pulse shape.
An ultrashort weak pulse that propagates resonantly on the $\ensuremath{\mid}a⟩\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mid}b⟩$ transition of a three-level system $(\ensuremath{\mid}a⟩,\ensuremath{\mid}b⟩,\ensuremath{\mid}c⟩)$ experiences reshaping effects on a time scale longer than its duration. When a strong field is applied (nonresonantly) on the $\ensuremath{\mid}b⟩\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mid}c⟩$ transition, important light shifts are induced. We have theoretically studied the novel behavior of both the medium and weak propagating laser pulses in such conditions. For the transmitted field profile, drastic changes occur: at long times, efficient reduction of the distortion is obtained, while strong oscillations appear for short times, mapping out the dynamical light shift. These shaping effects, which are accompanied by new features in the spectrum for the propagating pulse, are interpreted as the result of the interference between incident field and induced dipole radiated field, whose frequency sweeps in time because of the induced light shift.
The propagation of two ultrashort radiation pulses interacting via an intermediate level is analyzed by numerical integration of a system of equations describing coherent interaction between radiation and a three-level medium. It is shown that the propagation of the pulses depends strongly on their areas on entry to the medium and on the relationship between the dipole moments of transitions between neighboring levels. Substantial temporal narrowing was established for fairly high-power pulses (4π and 6π pulses) and this may be utilized to control their durations. Investigations are also made of the influence of relaxation processes, delay of pulses relative to one another on entry to the medium, and nonresonant dispersion during pulse propagation under the specified conditions.
We study the effects of propagation through an extended sample of two- and three-level atoms on the coherent accumulation of excitation by an ultrashort pulse train. In the two-level case, previous pulses in the train may prepare the medium such that a later pulse may experience amplification and absorption in different positions inside the sample. For a large number of pulses, the atomic medium may be saturated by the train, and some pulses propagate without experiencing either absorption or amplification. In general, absorption of the resonant pulse frequency during propagation compromises the accumulation efficiency. In the three-level case, the coherent accumulation of excitation leads to electromagnetically induced transparency of the pulse train, and the pulses exit the medium without any distortion in their temporal profile.
Propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in a dense resonant medium is considered in the semiclassical limit. In our analysis, we place emphasis on several main points. First, we study transformations of spectra in the process of pulse propagation and interactions with another pulse. The second point involves the transient processes (including pulse compression) connected with self-induced transparency soliton formation inside the medium. Finally, the third aspect is the study of collisions of co- and counterpropagating pulses in the medium. In the last case, the investigation of symmetric and asymmetric collisions shows the possibility of effectively controlling the parameters of transmitted radiation.