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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Creating, maintaining, and breaking of quantum entanglement in quantum operations

Yu. I. Bogdanov, Andrey Yu. Chernyavskiy, Alexander Semenovich Holevo, Vladimir F. Lukichev, Alexander A. Orlikovsky, B. I. Bantysh

Published Jan 8, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study the evolution of entanglement in quantum gates in terms of Choi-Jamiolkowski relative states negativity. SQiSW (generated by XY-interaction), CNOT and CZ gates are considered in ideal case and under amplitude and phase relaxation. In addition, we consider an important task of analyzing entanglement of “pure” noise, which is obtained by deducting an ideal gate from a noisy one.

DOI
10.1117/12.2017517

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jan 8, 2013•8 citations
We study the evolution of entanglement in quantum gates in terms of Choi-Jamiolkowski relative states negativity. SQiSW (generated by XY-interaction), CNOT and CZ gates are considered in ideal case and under amplitude and phase relaxation. In addition, we consider an important task of analyzing entanglement of “pure” noise, which is obtained by deducting an ideal gate from a noisy one.
A general approach to the provision of the quality and efficiency of quantum information technologies is proposed. The approach is based on the analysis of quantum noise generated on the implementation of quantum operations. The method of precision quantum measurements of logic quantum gates based on superconducting phase qubits is developed. The universal method of quantum state and process tomography is used to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the fidelity of the tomography of two-qubit SQiSW, CNOT, and CZ gates arising from the capacitive coupling between qubits. The method of optimization of quantum process tomography is proposed to provide a substantially higher degree of adequacy and fidelity compared to those attained by previously known methods. The examples of simulation of depolarizing quantum noise and amplitude- and phase-relaxation processes on the implementation of quantum operations in registers are considered.
We give a mathematical formulation for the Choi-Jamiolkowski (CJ) correspondence in the infinite-dimensional case in the form close to one used in quantum information theory. We show that there is no need to use a limiting procedure to define unnormalized maximally entangled state and the corresponding analog of the Choi matrix since they can be defined rigorously as, in general, nonclosable forms on an appropriate dense subspace. The properties of these forms are discussed in Sec. 2. An important question is: when the CJ form is given by a bounded operator. This is the case for entanglement-breaking channels: we prove this in Sec. 3 along with a version of a result of Wolf et al. characterizing CJ operators which correspond to such channels by giving precise definitions of a separable operator and a relevant integral. In Sec. 4 we obtain explicit expressions for CJ forms and operators defining a general Bosonic Gaussian channel. In Sec. 5 we give a decomposition of the Gaussian CJ form into product of the four principal types and a necessary and sufficient condition for existence of the bounded CJ operator.
The distribution of entangled quantum systems among the nodes of a network is a key task at the basis of the development of quantum technologies, e.g., quantum communication, quantum computation, etc. Many efforts have been devoted to identify strategies, based on pre- and post-processing operations or decoherence-free subspaces, to prevent the deterioration of such exotic correlations. However, all these approaches loose their usefulness when the noise level affecting the system surpasses a certain minimal threshold that leads to an entanglement-breaking dynamics. Here we attack this problem in the context of discrete- and continuous-time description of the system dynamics, providing some explicit examples in the context of qubit channels.