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Optics Express

Measurement of quantum-noise correlations in parametric image amplification

M. Marable, Sang Kyung Choi, Prem Kumar

Published Feb 2, 1998• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate quantum-noise correlations between the spatial frequencies of a parametrically amplified signal image and the generated conjugate (idler) image. Test images were amplified by an optical parametric amplifier that can be operated either as a low-pass or a band-pass amplifier for spatial frequencies. Direct difference detection of the signal and idler spatial frequencies at +- 16 mm{;{-1}} resulted in noise that fell below the shot-noise level by approx. 5 dB. Parametric-gain and phase-mismatch dependence of the observed quantum-noise reduction is in good agreement with the theory of a spatially-broadband optical parametric amplifier.

DOI
10.1364/oe.2.000084

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We demonstrate quantum-noise correlations between the spatial frequencies of a parametrically amplified signal image and the generated conjugate (idler) image. Test images were amplified by an optical parametric amplifier that can be operated either as a low-pass or a band-pass amplifier for spatial frequencies. Direct difference detection of the signal and idler spatial frequencies at +- 16 mm{;{-1}} resulted in noise that fell below the shot-noise level by approx. 5 dB. Parametric-gain and phase-mismatch dependence of the observed quantum-noise reduction is in good agreement with the theory of a spatially-broadband optical parametric amplifier.
We used a spatially broadband optical parametric amplifier for image amplification. In the phase-sensitive configuration of the amplifier, we observed noiseless amplification of input images. For a gain of $\ensuremath{\simeq}2.5$, we measured noise-figure values of ( $0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$) and ( $0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$) dB, respectively, for two amplifiers of different lengths. These experimental values agree with theory (for an ideal noiseless amplifier the noise figure is 0 dB) and are almost 2 dB lower than the quantum limit of an ideal phase-insensitive amplifier.
Summary form only given. Optical imaging is one of the important potential applications for nonclassic states of light. It has been shown that spatially broadband squeezed light can be used to image faint objects with sub-shot-noise sensitivity. Broad spatial bandwidth of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), determined by phase-matching conditions, makes it a good choice for studying the feasibility of imaging with nonclassic states. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first observation of noiseless amplification of an image by means of phase-sensitive parametric amplification.
Quantum fluctuations in optical amplification are investigated with a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier whose internal idler mode is coupled to a squeezed vacuum. Reductions of the inherent quantum noise of the amplifier are observed with a minimum noise level 0.7 dB below the usual noise level of the amplifier with its internal idler mode in a vacuum state. With a small coherent field as the signal input, the amplified output exhibits an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of 0.5 dB for the case of a squeezed-vacuum as compared to a vacuum state for the amplifier's internal mode.
We report generation of pulsed twin beams of light through optical parametric amplification in a fiber Sagnac loop. By pumping the Sagnac loop with picosecond pulses at a wavelength near the zero-dispersion wavelength of the fiber, we achieve phase-matched nondegenerate four-wave mixing with gain. For a gain of 2.2, the intensity noises of the amplified signal and the generated idler (conjugate) pulses are found to be correlated by 5.0 dB, and the subtracted noise drops below the shot-noise limit by 1.1 dB (2.6 dB when corrected for losses). We have investigated the gain dependence of the quantum-noise reduction as well as of the intensity noises of the amplified signal and idler pulses. As the gain increases, we observe the onset of excess noise on the idler pulses.
In this paper, experimental evidence of cw amplification of images in the quantum regime, using a phase sensitive optical parametric amplification operating inside transverse degenerate cavities. Injecting various images (mismatched Gaussian modes and double slits of different orientations) at the input of the device, showed that the output image was amplitude squeezed by 30% in the regime of deamplification of a type II frequency-degenerate OPO operating below threshold in a semi-confocal cavity, when the polarization of the input image is at 45deg from the crystal axes. The authors showed also that, in the regime of amplification, the two polarization components along the signal and idler axes had quantum correlated intensity fluctuations (intensity difference fluctuations measured at 30% below the standard quantum noise level).