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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Pressure shift of the helium triplet line lambda 706.5 nm

J F Su, J L Nicol

Published Jan 28, 1993• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Measurements of the self-induced pressure shift of the helium triplet line lambda 706.5 nm (1s2p 3 P 2.1,0 -1s3s 3 S 1 ) from a gas discharge have been carried out at temperatures of 77 K and 300 K using a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. The shift coefficient is positive (a blue shift) and at 77 K it is consistent with the results of a theoretical calculation carried out by Leo et al. (1992). At 300 K, the measured shift parameter is much greater than the theoretical value. As expected, the shifts are significantly larger in both cases than those of the corresponding singlet line, for which the broadening and shift are dominated by the resonance interaction. The authors have also compared their experimental results with predictions based on the Lennard-Jones potential.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/26/2/008

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Measurements of the self-induced pressure shift of the helium triplet line lambda 706.5 nm (1s2p 3 P 2.1,0 -1s3s 3 S 1 ) from a gas discharge have been carried out at temperatures of 77 K and 300 K using a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. The shift coefficient is positive (a blue shift) and at 77 K it is consistent with the results of a theoretical calculation carried out by Leo et al. (1992). At 300 K, the measured shift parameter is much greater than the theoretical value. As expected, the shifts are significantly larger in both cases than those of the corresponding singlet line, for which the broadening and shift are dominated by the resonance interaction. The authors have also compared their experimental results with predictions based on the Lennard-Jones potential.
Abstract By means of a direct recording Fabry-Perot interferometer, the contours of several singlet lines of helium were studied over a wide range of pressure and temperature. The source was a microwave discharge cooled with liquid nitrogen or liquid helium. Analysis of the tracings allowed the Doppler and Lorentz components to be separated quantitatively. A detailed study was carried out for the line λ 7281 Å (21P - 31S). By extrapolation of the Lorentz width to zero pressure the radiation width of the level 2 was determined and led to an ƒ-value 0·377 + 0·035 of the resonance line λ 584 Å (11S— 21P) The resonance broadening is found to be independent of the speed of the atoms, over a range of a factor five in the speed, in agreement with theories of optical collision by Weisskopf and others. The absolute value of the resonance broadening constant is compared with various theories. The strong line λ 6678 Å (21P -31D) showed self-absorption due to imprisonment of resonance radiation.
Three-photon excitation and multiphoton ionization techniques have been used to measure self-broadening for several resonance lines in xenon and krypton. Tabulations of widths and shifts of the xenon lines at 146.9, 129.6, 119.2, and 117.0 nm were made for pressures between 50 and 900 Torr. Similar measurements were made for the krypton resonance line at 116.5 nm. For pressures less than 500 Torr the widths were found to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical results, which were extrapolated into regions of concentration where the criteria for their validity are at best questionable. We have also found the lines to be shifted to the high-energy side of the unperturbed line. For four of the five lines studied, the blue shifts increased nearly linearly with increasing pressure. In the four cases where the shift could be measured the ratio of shift to width was close to (1/2. Our experimental technique is very simple, but it has yielded what we believe to be the first resonance broadening data based on absorption under conditions where there is strong trapping of the resonance radiation.
We present results of the pressure broadening and shift of the rubidium 5s2S1∕2–6p2P3∕25s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\text{--}6p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}5s2S1∕2​–6p2P3∕2​ (420.2 nm) spectral line by argon and helium buffer gases at pressures below 10 torr. High-resolution absorption measurements were performed with a single-mode external cavity diode laser, having 20-GHz tuning range and a linewidth of about 1 MHz. Pressure broadening and shift parameters of Lorentzian hyperfine components have been determined. We obtained the redshift of hyperfine spectral lines for He and the blueshift for Ar.
We present a detailed theoretical investigation of the sodium-helium interaction and report results of quantum close-coupled calculations for the pressure-broadened widths and shifts of the sodium D lines and the 819.48 nm line over the temperature range 70-500 K, and for the total and fine-structure cross sections in the 3p 2 P level. We also present the first theoretical investigation of the hyperfine pressure shifts using a semiclassical scattering formalism and report results for the hyperfine transition in the 3s 2 S 1/2 ground state over the temperature range 70-1000 K. Finally, we calculate the refractive index of helium for sodium matter waves with velocities up to 2000 m s -1 . Several of the calculations were performed using two versions of the adiabatic molecular potentials of Peach (Peach G 1996 unpublished) and the results compared with those obtained using the l -dependent pseudo-potentials of Pascale (Pascale J 1985 XIII Summer School on Quantum Optics ed J Fiutak and J Mizerski pp 39-91) and Peach (Peach G 1996 unpublished). Detailed comparisons with other theoretical calculations and experimental results are also made.
The normalized fluorescence spectrum of the Li 6708-\AA{} resonance line perturbed by the noble gases has been measured for 100 \AA{} either side of the resonance line, at a temperature of 400 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The noble-gas pressure range of 100-1800 Torr was investigated. It was observed that the line wings scale linearly with this pressure for $2<|\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}|<100$ \AA{}, and it was was demonstrated that a Lorentzianbroadened line core can be observed for this pressure range. The Li density was \ensuremath{\sim} 1010{10}^{10}1010/cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3 and was varied to establish the fluorescence spectrum in the limit of no radiation entrapment. The central region of the line has been measured with high resolution and compared to calculated profiles due to the various fine structure and isotopic line components, each broadened by a convolution of Lorentz, Doppler, and instrumental profiles. The shift and Lorentz broadening rates, as well as the wavelengths for transition to non-Lorentzian behavior, are reported. In contrast to the heavier alkali-metal-noble-gas cases, no distinctive far-wing features such as satellites or sharp inflections are observed. This is consistent with the much larger collision velocities for the Li case.