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Physical Review A

Generation of coherent waves by frequency up-conversion and down-conversion of incoherent light

A. Piskarskas, V. Pyragaitė, A. Stabinis

Published Nov 15, 2010• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is revealed that the generation of a coherent wave by frequency conversion of incoherent waves is a characteristic feature of three-wave interaction in a nonlinear medium when angular dispersion of input waves is properly chosen. In this case the combining action of the pairs of spectral components of incoherent waves may result in the cumulative driving of a single plane monochromatic wave in up-conversion and down-conversion processes. As a fundamental result we point out an enhancement of the spectral radiance of the generated wave in comparison with incoherent waves.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.053817

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Oct 12, 2009•8 citations
It is revealed that the generation of a coherent wave by frequency conversion of incoherent waves is a characteristic feature of three-wave interaction in a nonlinear medium when angular dispersion of input waves is properly chosen. In this case the combining action of the pairs of spectral components of incoherent waves may result in the cumulative driving of a single plane monochromatic wave in up-conversion and down-conversion processes. As a fundamental result we point out an enhancement of the spectral radiance of the generated wave in comparison with incoherent waves.
Summary form only given. If resonantly excited the effect of the longitudinal phonon mode is dominant resulting in an effective three-wave interaction. Photons are down converted between the optical waves while creating a coherent phonon emission via difference frequency mixing. If a phonon background is present and a single optical pulse is injected, a new down-shifted wave is generated. In any case a mutual locking of the two optical pulses can be observed although their group velocities are different. In the coherent case a subsequent up and down conversion occurs, where an equilibrium state of the field distribution is readily obtained for incoherent phonons. In the latter case the resulting rather stable bound state. The created pulses can be used to detect the density and spectral properties of the phonon background.
Distributed positive feedback established by a counterpropagating three-wave mixing process in a submicrometer structured second-order nonlinear medium leads to mirrorless parametric oscillation with unusual spectral properties. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the phase modulation of the pump is coherently transferred to the co-propagating parametric wave, while the counterpropagating wave retains a narrow bandwidth and high coherence. The main mechanisms responsible for these properties are the maximized convective separation between the counterpropagating waves and the associated phase-locking between the pump and the co-propagating parametric wave. This suggests that mirrorless optical parametric oscillators can be pumped with incoherent light and still generate highly coherent backward-propagating radiation.
We study the influence of group-velocity dispersion (or diffraction) on the coherence properties of the parametric three-wave interaction driven from an incoherent pump wave. We show that, under certain conditions, the incoherent pump may efficiently amplify a signal wave with a high degree of coherence, in contrast with the usual kinetic description of the incoherent three-wave interaction. The group-velocity dispersion is shown to be responsible for a spectral filtering process, in which the coherence of the generated signal increases, as the coherence of the pump wave decreases. As a result, the coherence acquired by the signal in the presence of an incoherent pump, is higher than that acquired in the presence of a fully coherent pump. The mechanism underlying this intriguing result is based on the emergence of a mutual coherence between the incoherent pump and the generated idler wave. We calculate explicitly the degree of mutual coherence between the pump and idler waves and show that the two incoherent waves become completely correlated in the full incoherent regime of interaction. The theory is in quantitative agreement with the numerical simulations. To motivate the experimental confirmation of our theory, we characterize the dispersion properties of an actual quadratic nonlinear optical crystal in which the process of signal coherence enhancement induced by pump incoherence may be studied experimentally.
In this paper, we reveal that some kinds of optical nonlinearities are further enhanced when incoherent light, instead of a laser, is used as a pump light. This idea was confirmed both theoretically and experimentally in the case of sum-frequency generation (SFG) using the optical second nonlinearity. The conversion efficiency of the SFG with incoherent light pumping increased as the bandwidth of the incoherent pump light decreased, finally reaching twice the conversion efficiency of conventional second harmonic generation (SHG) by laser pumping. This method dramatically relaxes the severe requirements of phase matching in the nonlinear optical process. The conversion efficiency became less sensitive to misalignment of the wavelength of pump light and also of device operation temperature when the bandwidth of the incoherent pump light was sufficiently broad, although the improvement of the conversion efficiency had an inverse relationship with the insensitivity to the phase-matching condition. The temperature tuning range was enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude in comparison with the conventional SHG method. As an example of a promising application of this new idea, we performed the generation of quantum entangled photon-pairs using cascaded optical nonlinearities (SFG and the subsequent spontaneous parametric down conversion) in a single periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide device, in which the incoherent light was used as the pump source for both the parametric processes. We have achieved high fidelity exceeding 99% in quantum-state tomography experiments.
We report efficient cascade up-conversion generation due to two simultaneous quasi-synchronous processes of parametric decay ω 3 →ω 1 + ω 2 of pump quanta at the frequency ω 3 and up-conversion of one of the generated waves ω 1 +ω 3 →ω 4 >ω 3 at the frequency ω 1 in a medium with a quadratic nonlinearity. It is found that the necessary condition for this generation is the requirement |γ 1 | 2 >(ω 2 /ω 1 )|γ 1 | 2 , where γ 1,2 are the averaged constants of the nonlinear coupling for the processes ω 1 +ω 2,3 →ω 3,4 , respectively. If this requirement is fulfilled, the plane monochromatic pump wave is completely depleted, while the limiting (the noise seed intensity is I 10,20 →0 at the input) efficiency of the energy conversion into radiation at the frequency ω 4 is independent of I 10,20 and determined only by the relations between |γ 1,2 | 2 and the frequencies of the interacting waves.