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Contributions to Plasma Physics

Ionization of Atoms by Attosecond Pulses

A. V. Gets, В. П. Крайнов

Published Jan 31, 2013• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Ionization of atoms by ultrashort one‐cycle electromagnetic pulses is considered. First‐order time‐dependent perturbation theory for derivation of ionization probability by pulses with various field profiles is used. Numerical calculations for hydrogen and xenon atoms are done. Strong field‐phase dependence of ionization probability is shown. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

DOI
10.1002/ctpp.201310026

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Based on the results of a previous communication [Dimitrovski et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 083003 (2004)], we study ionization and excitation of a hydrogenic atom from the ground and first excited states in short electric field pulses of several cycles. A process of ionization and recombination which occurs periodically in time is identified, for both small and extremely large peak electric field strengths. In the limit of large electric peak fields closed-form analytic expressions for the population of the initial state after single- and few-cycle pulses are derived. These formulas, strictly valid for asymptotically large momentum transfer from the field, give excellent agreement with fully numerical calculations for all momentum transfers.
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Abstract Ultracold neutral plasmas are strongly coupled Coulomb systems that are generated by photoionizing lasercooled atoms close to the ionization threshold. The strong coupling parameter Γ is limited at times later than ∼100 ns by disorder‐induced heating. A recent simulation predicted that higher values of Γ can be realized in ultracold neutral plasmas if the plasma ions are excited to higher ionization states. In this paper we present recent results from an experiment that increases the strong coupling of an ultracold neutral plasma by promoting the plasma ions to the second ionization state. Using laser‐induced fluorescence we map out the ion velocity distribution of the Ca+ ions in a partially doubly ionized plasma and show that the heating due to the second ionization depends on the timing of the second ionization laser pulses. We compare our results to MD simulations, which estimate that Γ increases from approximately 2.5 to 3.6. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)