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Applied Physics Letters

Optical bistability in a quantum dots/micropillar device with a quality factor exceeding 200 000

Christophe Arnold, Vivien Loo, Aristide Lemaître, Isabelle Sagnes, O. Krebs, Paul H. Voisin, P. Senellart, L. Lanco

Published Mar 12, 2012• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical bistability is demonstrated in a micropillar cavity with a record quality factor of 215 000, embedding a few thousand quantum dots. A power threshold of 380μW is obtained, with an on/off response contrast of 5.6 dB. We characterize the saturation of the quantum dots absorption and the cavity mode frequency shift through coherent reflection spectroscopy. We show that a near-unity coupling efficiency is achieved and that the planar quality factor Q0 is around 450 000.

DOI
10.1063/1.3694026

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Optical bistability is demonstrated in a micropillar cavity with a record quality factor of 215 000, embedding a few thousand quantum dots. A power threshold of 380μW is obtained, with an on/off response contrast of 5.6 dB. We characterize the saturation of the quantum dots absorption and the cavity mode frequency shift through coherent reflection spectroscopy. We show that a near-unity coupling efficiency is achieved and that the planar quality factor Q0 is around 450 000.
We demonstrate a low power thermally induced optical bistability at telecom wavelengths and room temperature using a nanobeam photonic crystal cavity embedded with an ensemble of quantum dots. The nanobeam photonic crystal cavity is transfer-printed onto the edge of a carrier chip for thermal isolation of the cavity with an efficient optical coupling between the nanobeam waveguide and optical setup. Reflectivity measurements performed with a tunable laser reveal the thermo-optic nature of the nonlinearity. A bistability power threshold as low as 23 μW and an on/off response contrast of 6.02 dB are achieved from a cavity with a moderately low quality factor of 2830. Our device provides optical bistability at power levels an order of magnitude lower than previous quantum-dot-based devices.
Giant optical nonlinearity is observed under both continuous wave and pulsed excitation in a deterministically coupled quantum dot-micropillar system, in a pronounced strong-coupling regime. Using absolute reflectivity measurements we determine the critical intracavity photon number as well as the input and output coupling efficiencies of the device. Thanks to a near-unity input-coupling efficiency, we demonstrate a record nonlinearity threshold of only 8 incident photons per pulse. The output-coupling efficiency is found to strongly influence this nonlinearity threshold. We show how the fundamental limit of single-photon nonlinearity can be attained in realistic devices, which would provide an effective interaction between two coincident single-photons.
ABSTRACT Bidirectional coherent control between photonic and matter qubits in solid‐state quantum networks demand a tailored photon‐emitter interface that can operate at the few‐photon level. Cavity‐coupled quantum dots with high input coupling efficiency provides a viable path toward such interface. However, reflection from the bare cavity can contaminate, or even overwhelm, the desired output photons that have interacted with the emitter. To overcome this problem, we implement a low‐reflectivity ( 1%) quantum dot‐micropillar cavity system with 97% input coupling efficiency. We achieve an optical nonlinearity threshold of 5.6 incident photons per pulse while maintaining high antibunching fidelity ( 0.2), measured at a pulse duration of twice the quantum dot exciton lifetime. Furthermore, we observe quantum dot transition inversion at 9 photons when the pulse duration is reduced to roughly match the quantum dot lifetime. This highly efficient photon‐emitter interface paves the way for key quantum photonic resources and functionalities.
We theoretically investigate optical bistability, mechanically induced absorption (MIA) and Fano resonance of a hybrid system comprising of a single quantum dot (QD) embedded in a solid-state microcavity interacting with the quantized cavity mode and the deformation potential associated with the lattice vibration. We find that the bistability can be tuned by the QD-cavity mode coupling. We further show that the normalized power transmission displays anomalous dispersion indicating that the system can be used to generate slow light. We also demonstrate the possibility of using the system as all optomechanical Kerr switch.
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Abstract In this paper, we discuss the long wavelength optical reflection and bistable behavior of an InGaN/GaN quantum dot nanostructure coupled to a single-sided cavity. It is found that due to the presence of a strong coupling field, the reflection coefficient can be controlled at long wavelength, which is essential for adjusting the threshold of reflected optical bistability. Moreover, the phase shift features of the reflection pulse inside an electromagnetically induced transparency window are also discussed.