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Physical Review B

Coherent response of a quantum dot exciton driven by a rectangular spectrum optical pulse

A. J. Ramsay, Roman S. Kolodka, Frank Bello, P. W. Fry, W. K. Ng, A. Tahraoui, Huiyun Liu, M. Hopkinson, David M. Whittaker, A. M. Fox, Maurice S. Skolnick

Published Mar 7, 2007• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We observe strong nonlinear absorption in the excitation profile of a single InGaAs quantum dot exciton driven by a rectangular spectrum optical pulse, in a region of detuning where the linear response is weak. Here the exciton is resonant with the temporal side-lobes of the pulse, which drive a damped Rabi oscillation. Good agreement is found between experiment and a two-level atom model. In the nonlinear regime the excitation profile exhibits features from both the rectangular spectrum and the two peaks present in the spectrum of the autocorrelation of the pulse.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.75.113302

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Transient nonlinear optical spectroscopy, performed on excitons confined to single GaAs quantum dots, shows oscillations that are analogous to Rabi oscillations in two-level atomic systems. This demonstration corresponds to a one-qubit rotation in a single quantum dot which is important for proposals using quantum dot excitons for quantum computing. The dipole moment inferred from the data is consistent with that directly obtained from linear absorption studies. The measurement extends the artificial atom model of quantum dot excitonic transitions into the strong-field limit, and makes possible full coherent optical control of the quantum state of single excitons using optical pi pulses.
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Optical coherence time and nonlinear optical response of excitons localized to quantum dots in a GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well are investigated by the three-pulse photon echo technique. At low temperature, the optical coherence time is estimated to be 1.8 ns from the decay curve of the photon echo signal. The decay profile for short time delay shows the strong dependence on the input pulse area of the third pulse. Rabi oscillations are also observed. The oscillations exhibit nonlinear behavior, which is affected by the pre-excited polarization. Such behavior can be qualitatively explained by the local field effect due to the exciton-exciton interaction between the excitons.
The optical emission spectrum of a quantum dot in strong coupling with the single mode of a microcavity is obtained in the nonlinear regime. We study how exciton-exciton interactions alter the emission spectrum of the system, bringing the linear Rabi doublet into a multiplet structure that is strongly dependent on the cavity-exciton energy detuning. We emphasize how nonlinearity can be used to evidence the genuine quantum nature of the coupling by producing satellites peaks of the Rabi doublet that originate from the quantized energy levels of the interactions.
Summary form only given. Recent studies have been carried out on the resonant response from single interface fluctuation quantum dots. Such a discrete-level model yields unique signatures under strong resonant driving, including Rabi oscillations. To date, Rabi oscillations (excluding microcavity studies) have only been reported for two-dimensional excitonic systems. We present data showing the nonlinear response from an ensemble of interface fluctuation quantum dots. This data is consistent with Rabi oscillations for moderate driving fields (that is, for /spl Theta//spl sim/2/spl pi/, where /spl Theta/ is the pulse area). The sample under investigation is a single thin (62 /spl Aring/) GaAs/Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As quantum well grown with growth interruptions and is studied at 5 K. The laser is tuned to the lower energy excitonic resonance, corresponding to an inhomogeneously broadened distribution of excitons localized due to well width fluctuations. The time-integrated PL is collected with a spectrometer tuned 2.5 meV below the excitonic resonance.