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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Influence of phonons on stimulated emission from activated crystals

R. N. Shakhmuratov

Published May 31, 1989• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An analysis is made of the influence of distortion of the gain profile on the stimulated emission parameters of three-level solid-state lasers. It is shown that this may cause undamped pulsations of the radiation intensity. Estimates are made of the time dependence of the spectral characteristics of spiky stimulated emission from a ruby laser. Good agreement with the experimental data is reported.

DOI
10.1070/qe1989v019n05abeh008019

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An analysis is made of the influence of distortion of the gain profile on the stimulated emission parameters of three-level solid-state lasers. It is shown that this may cause undamped pulsations of the radiation intensity. Estimates are made of the time dependence of the spectral characteristics of spiky stimulated emission from a ruby laser. Good agreement with the experimental data is reported.
Optical absorption cross sections and the fluorescent quantum efficiency in ruby have been determined. This data has been used to correlate calculations with the analysis of the preceding paper. Stimulated emission from ruby under pulsed excitation has been studied in some detail; the observations are found to depend strongly on the perfection of the particular crystal under study. A peak power output of approximately 5 kw, total output energy of near 1 joule, beam collimation of less than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ rad, and a spectral width of individual components in the output radiation of about 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$A at 6943 A have been measured. It is suggested that mode instabilities due to temperature shifts and a time-varying magnetic field are contributing to an oscillatory behavior of the output pulse.
A theoretical study is made of the influence of changes in the relaxation of a three-level system in a resonance field on the dispersion, absorption, and difference between the populations of levels activated by noncoherent pumping. This change in the relaxation is due to a tendency of a thermal reservoir to create an additional difference between the populations of quasienergy states that appear under the influence of the resonance field. It is shown that as a consequence there is a considerable change in the nature of the interaction with the radiation field in laser crystals with three-level active centers when the pump power is close to the threshold. The lasing conditions are found subject to such changes. It is shown that the threshold pump power can be reduced in this case to a value at which the difference between the populations of the active levels vanishes and lasing appears because of an inversion of the populations in a system of quasienergy levels. Under transient conditions the lasing frequency near the threshold should then depend on the pump
A theoretical analysis is made of the problem of the time taken to establish steady-state lasing as a result of various types of stimulated scattering (Raman, Brillouin, and excited by heat evolution in a medium) and of the law governing amplification of Stokes waves after times much shorter than the relaxation time of vibrations of the medium for an arbitrary spectral line profile. It is shown that the characteristic times for the establishment of steady-state lasing in the case of stimulated scattering near the maximum of the gain profile are of the same type for different spectral lines profiles and have similar values.
Stimulated emission is studied of phonons resonant with the metastable Zeeman-split E-bar(2{(}^{2}(2E) doublet in ruby. Initial population inversion of this two-level system is prepared by selective pulsed optical pumping, and the ensuing stimulated emission of resonant phonons is observed via an accelerated growth of the luminescence intensity emanating from the lower level. Under favorable conditions, a periodic recurrence of the process of stimulated emission is observed, which points to a phonon cavity formed by the end faces of the crystal in combination with a limited interaction length of the resonant phonons. To analyze these phenomena in detail, use is made of rate equations for the phonon occupation and the level populations with explicit account of their position dependences. With plausible assumptions an analytic solution of these equations is achieved, which excellently fits the data. The effect of lattice anharmonicity is shown to depend on the phonon energy in agreement with the theoretical prediction.