Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B

Optical detection of magnetic resonance by classical and squeezed light

Dmitriy V. Kupriyanov, Igor M. Sokolov

Published Feb 1, 1992• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The sensitivity of measurements in the different schemes of optical detection of magnetic resonance in an ensemble of optically orientated paramagnetic atoms has been studied. The authors have considered the standard schemes of transmission monitoring of the atomic angular momenta precession assuming a classical resonant and off-resonant probing light beam as well as interference probing scheme by squeezed radiation. The main attention has been given to the limit accuracy of Zeeman transition frequency determination in these experiments. The circumstances limiting the radiation intensity increase in these experiments have been discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0954-8998/4/1/006

Related papers

Polarization-sensitive correlation spectroscopy of atomic medium

V. V. Batygin, Dmitriy V. Kupriyanov, Igor M. Sokolov

We have considered general polarization-sensitive correlation measurement of light intensity fluctuations based on a Hanbury Brown and Twiss interference detection scheme for probe radiation passed through angular momentum polarized atomic ensemble put into external magnetic field. The general theory is applied to the correlation spectroscopy of the atomic medium with spin ground state characterized by large relaxation times. We show and discuss the possibility of squeezing effect in transmitted light that can be caused by polarization- dependent interaction of the probe radiation with oriented atoms.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 6, 1996•0 citations

Limiting sensitivity of frequency discriminator based on microwave-optical double resonance detection by squeezed light

V. V. Batygin, Dmitriy V. Kupriyanov, K. Yu. Platonov +1 more

The problem of the sensitivity increase of an atomic frequency standard discriminator by the squeezed light registration technique has been discussed. The authors have considered the ordinary scheme of microwave-optical double-resonance detection by probing radiation absorption as well as the interference registration scheme. The output photocurrent fluctuations and the figure of merit dependences as a function of external parameters have been studied. It has been shown that interference registration by squeezed light is preferable because a higher figure of merit can be achieved.

Quantum Optics Journal of the European Optical Society Part B•Dec 1, 1992•2 citations

Atomic magnetic resonance induced by amplitude-, frequency-, or polarization-modulated light

Z. D. Grujić, Antoine Weis

In recent years diode laser sources have become widespread and reliable tools in magneto-optical spectroscopy. In particular, laser-driven atomic magnetometers have found a wide range of practical applications. More recently, so-called magnetically silent variants of atomic magnetometers have been developed. While in conventional magnetometers the magnetic resonance transitions between atomic sublevels are phase-coherently driven by a weak oscillating magnetic field, silent magnetometers use schemes in which either the frequency or the amplitude of the light beam is modulated. Here we present a theoretical model that yields algebraic expressions for the parameters of the multiple resonances that occur when either amplitude-, frequency-, or polarization-modulated light of circular polarization is used to drive the magnetic resonance transition in a transverse magnetic field. The relative magnitudes of the resonances that are observed in the transmitted light intensity at harmonic $m$ of the Larmor frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$ (either by DC or phase sensitive detection at harmonics $q$ of the modulation frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{mod}}$) of the transmitted light are expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the modulation function. Our approach is based on an atomic multipole moment representation that is valid for spin-oriented atomic states with arbitrary angular momentum $F$ in the low light power limit. We find excellent quantitative agreement with an experimental case study using (square-wave) amplitude-modulated light.

arXiv:1305.6574•Physical Review A•Jul 12, 2013•91 citations

Probing the motion of cold atoms by Faraday spectroscopy

Greg Smith, Souma Chaudhury, Poul Jessen

We have implemented a continuous measurement of the mean magnetic moment of an ensemble of atoms trapped in a far-off-resonance optical lattice, by detecting the Faraday rotation of one of the lattice beams after it has passed through the atom cloud. In a first demonstration experiment we have observed Larmor precession with high signal-to-noise ratio, and compared the performance of the measurement with a simple theory. Faraday spectroscopy offers an ideal method to monitor the atomic dynamics and will be applied to the study of quantum chaos in magneto-optical lattices. In principle the measurement sensitivity can be increased to the point where quantum backaction becomes significant, thereby opening the door to studies of quantum feedback, spin squeezing and the role played by quantum measurement in quantum/classical correspondence.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 16, 2003•0 citations

Optical Methods of Atomic Orientation and of Magnetic Resonance*

Alfred Kastler

In the optical excitation of atoms with polarized light, producing excited atoms, only some of the Zeeman sublevels of the excited state are actually reached, so that large differences of population can be built up between Zeeman sublevels or between hyperfine structure (hfs) levels. This property can be used to detect radio-frequency resonance in optically excited atomic states. These resonances produce a characteristic change in intensity or in the degree of polarization of the light re-emitted. Zeeman intervals, Stark effects, and hfs intervals can be measured in this manner. (The Stark constant of the 63P1 level of Hg and the electric quadrupole moments of the alkali atoms have been obtained in this way.)The technique of “optical pumping” gives a way to concentrate atoms in some of the Zeeman sublevels of one of the hfs levels of the ground state.Atomic orientation has been obtained with the Na atom, in an atomic beam and in the vapor in equilibrium with the metal. The orientation effects have been studied by detection of radio-frequency resonance signals in the ground state. Orientation can be increased many times by adding a variable pressure of a foreign gas to the pure Na vapor. Because of the coupling between nuclear spin and electron spin, nuclear orientation is produced at the same time as atomic orientation.

Journal of the Optical Society of America•Jun 1, 1957•223 citations

Magnetic resonance line shapes in optical pumping and light-shift experiments in alkali atomic vapors

J. Skalla, Swen Lang, Gerhard Wäckerle

Cs and Rb atomic vapors have been optically pumped in their ground states. The optical/rf-field configuration used allowed for the optical detection of magnetic resonance spectra with subkilohertz resolution by a pump–probe beam technique, in which the free-precessional motion of spins is recorded in the time domain. A six-level system serves as a model to describe the dependence of the observed spectra on the optical frequencies involved. With an intense laser beam applied during the free-precession period, Zeeman light-shift effects are observed. The spatial electric-field distribution of the laser beams and particle diffusion have to be taken into account to let us explain the observed magnetic resonance line shapes adequately.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 1, 1995•13 citations
The sensitivity of measurements in the different schemes of optical detection of magnetic resonance in an ensemble of optically orientated paramagnetic atoms has been studied. The authors have considered the standard schemes of transmission monitoring of the atomic angular momenta precession assuming a classical resonant and off-resonant probing light beam as well as interference probing scheme by squeezed radiation. The main attention has been given to the limit accuracy of Zeeman transition frequency determination in these experiments. The circumstances limiting the radiation intensity increase in these experiments have been discussed.
We have considered general polarization-sensitive correlation measurement of light intensity fluctuations based on a Hanbury Brown and Twiss interference detection scheme for probe radiation passed through angular momentum polarized atomic ensemble put into external magnetic field. The general theory is applied to the correlation spectroscopy of the atomic medium with spin ground state characterized by large relaxation times. We show and discuss the possibility of squeezing effect in transmitted light that can be caused by polarization- dependent interaction of the probe radiation with oriented atoms.
The problem of the sensitivity increase of an atomic frequency standard discriminator by the squeezed light registration technique has been discussed. The authors have considered the ordinary scheme of microwave-optical double-resonance detection by probing radiation absorption as well as the interference registration scheme. The output photocurrent fluctuations and the figure of merit dependences as a function of external parameters have been studied. It has been shown that interference registration by squeezed light is preferable because a higher figure of merit can be achieved.
In recent years diode laser sources have become widespread and reliable tools in magneto-optical spectroscopy. In particular, laser-driven atomic magnetometers have found a wide range of practical applications. More recently, so-called magnetically silent variants of atomic magnetometers have been developed. While in conventional magnetometers the magnetic resonance transitions between atomic sublevels are phase-coherently driven by a weak oscillating magnetic field, silent magnetometers use schemes in which either the frequency or the amplitude of the light beam is modulated. Here we present a theoretical model that yields algebraic expressions for the parameters of the multiple resonances that occur when either amplitude-, frequency-, or polarization-modulated light of circular polarization is used to drive the magnetic resonance transition in a transverse magnetic field. The relative magnitudes of the resonances that are observed in the transmitted light intensity at harmonic mmm of the Larmor frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{L}$ (either by DC or phase sensitive detection at harmonics qqq of the modulation frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{mod}}$) of the transmitted light are expressed in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the modulation function. Our approach is based on an atomic multipole moment representation that is valid for spin-oriented atomic states with arbitrary angular momentum FFF in the low light power limit. We find excellent quantitative agreement with an experimental case study using (square-wave) amplitude-modulated light.
We have implemented a continuous measurement of the mean magnetic moment of an ensemble of atoms trapped in a far-off-resonance optical lattice, by detecting the Faraday rotation of one of the lattice beams after it has passed through the atom cloud. In a first demonstration experiment we have observed Larmor precession with high signal-to-noise ratio, and compared the performance of the measurement with a simple theory. Faraday spectroscopy offers an ideal method to monitor the atomic dynamics and will be applied to the study of quantum chaos in magneto-optical lattices. In principle the measurement sensitivity can be increased to the point where quantum backaction becomes significant, thereby opening the door to studies of quantum feedback, spin squeezing and the role played by quantum measurement in quantum/classical correspondence.
In the optical excitation of atoms with polarized light, producing excited atoms, only some of the Zeeman sublevels of the excited state are actually reached, so that large differences of population can be built up between Zeeman sublevels or between hyperfine structure (hfs) levels. This property can be used to detect radio-frequency resonance in optically excited atomic states. These resonances produce a characteristic change in intensity or in the degree of polarization of the light re-emitted. Zeeman intervals, Stark effects, and hfs intervals can be measured in this manner. (The Stark constant of the 63P1 level of Hg and the electric quadrupole moments of the alkali atoms have been obtained in this way.)The technique of “optical pumping” gives a way to concentrate atoms in some of the Zeeman sublevels of one of the hfs levels of the ground state.Atomic orientation has been obtained with the Na atom, in an atomic beam and in the vapor in equilibrium with the metal. The orientation effects have been studied by detection of radio-frequency resonance signals in the ground state. Orientation can be increased many times by adding a variable pressure of a foreign gas to the pure Na vapor. Because of the coupling between nuclear spin and electron spin, nuclear orientation is produced at the same time as atomic orientation.
Cs and Rb atomic vapors have been optically pumped in their ground states. The optical/rf-field configuration used allowed for the optical detection of magnetic resonance spectra with subkilohertz resolution by a pump–probe beam technique, in which the free-precessional motion of spins is recorded in the time domain. A six-level system serves as a model to describe the dependence of the observed spectra on the optical frequencies involved. With an intense laser beam applied during the free-precession period, Zeeman light-shift effects are observed. The spatial electric-field distribution of the laser beams and particle diffusion have to be taken into account to let us explain the observed magnetic resonance line shapes adequately.