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Physical Review B

Optical switching in arrays of quantum dots with dipole-dipole interactions

Julio R. Gea-Banacloche, Mambwe Mumba, Min Xiao

Published Oct 26, 2006• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We explore the possibility of using pairs of quantum dots coupled by the dipole-dipole interaction as effective three- or four-level systems whose transmission for an optical beam at some frequency may be switched on or off using a second optical beam (electromagnetically induced transparency). We conclude that the characteristic interaction strengths and decay rates should allow for a demonstration of this effect in molecular beam epitaxy-grown bilayer $\mathrm{In}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ quantum dot structures.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.74.165330

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We explore the possibility of using pairs of quantum dots coupled by the dipole-dipole interaction as effective three- or four-level systems whose transmission for an optical beam at some frequency may be switched on or off using a second optical beam (electromagnetically induced transparency). We conclude that the characteristic interaction strengths and decay rates should allow for a demonstration of this effect in molecular beam epitaxy-grown bilayer InAs∕GaAs\mathrm{In}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}InAs∕GaAs quantum dot structures.
Electromagnetic induced transparency is an optical phenomenon that allows transmission of a laser beam through a dense medium by using a control laser beam. Here, we propose the use of a quantum molecule where the control laser beam is replaced by the electron tunneling between quantum dots, which can be controlled by an external electric field, opening the possibility to induce transparency and slow light with electric gates. Our results show that a transparency window appears if the tunneling strength Te{T}_{e}Te​ and the decay rate of direct exciton ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{1}$ obey the condition ${T}_{e}/{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{1}\ensuremath{\le}0.5$.
We investigate the optical properties of a two-level system (TLS) coupled to a one-dimensional array of NNN other TLSs with dipole-dipole coupling between the first neighbors. The first TLS is probed by a weak field, and we assume that it has a decay rate much greater than the decay rates of the other TLSs. For N=1N=1N=1 and in the limit of a Rabi frequency of a probe field much smaller than the dipole-dipole coupling, the optical response of the first TLS, i.e., its absorption and dispersion, is equivalent to that of a three-level atomic system in the configuration which allows one to observe the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon. Thus, here we investigate an induced transparency phenomenon where the dipole-dipole coupling plays the same role as the control field in EIT in three-level atoms. We describe this physical phenomenon, named a dipole-induced transparency (DIT), and investigate how it scales with the number of coupled TLSs. In particular, we have shown that the number of TLSs coupled to the main TLS is exactly equal to the number of transparency windows. The ideas presented here are very general and can be implemented in different physical systems, such as an array of superconducting qubits, or an array of quantum dots, spin chains, optical lattices, etc.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in quantum dot exciton systems in which the exciton behaves as a two-level system is investigated theoretically. It is shown that due to strong exciton–phonon coupling EIT can occur in such a quantum dot system and ultraslow light can propagate. The nonlinear optical absorption and Kerr coefficient based on EIT are also calculated. The numerical results show that giant nonlinear optical effects can be obtained while the frequency of the signal field differs only by an amount of LO phonon frequency from the exciton frequency in quantum dot systems.
This study investigates the tunable propagation of optical pulses in a three-level system of coupled quantum dots. The system forms an effective closed configuration, supporting strong quantum coherence and controllable light–matter interactions. Using the density matrix formalism, we analyze the quantum dynamical response under the influence of both a weak probe and a strong control field, with inter-dot tunneling acting as a key tunable parameter. Our results reveal that both the tunneling strength (Te) and control field Rabi frequency (Ωc) play crucial roles in shaping the system’s optical properties. We observe the emergence of electromagnetically induced transparency-like windows, the splitting and shifting of dispersion peaks, and the formation of absorption doublets and transparency windows. The real and imaginary parts of the electric permittivity exhibit pronounced sensitivity to these external controls. Furthermore, the group index and group velocity are shown to be highly tunable, enabling transitions between slow-light and fast-light regimes. Detailed analysis of temporal pulse dynamics demonstrates the ability to achieve controllable delay and advancement of optical pulses, depending on the interaction between Te and Ωc. These findings highlight the potential of such quantum dot systems for dynamic photonic control, including applications in optical buffering, reconfigurable delay lines, coherent switching, and quantum information processing. The demonstrated tunability and coherence effects make this platform a promising candidate for next-generation optoelectronic and quantum photonic technologies.
We analyze the behavior of a quantum dot embedded in an add-drop filter for optical signal processing applications. The joint effects of dipole induced transparency and electromagnetic induced transparency, which shift the transparency peak induced by a dipole in an add-drop filter due to vacuum Rabi splitting, have been considered. The mathematical model and some different conditions for tuning the transparency peak are derived for application to all optical switching and wavelength tunable devices.