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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

High-contrast dark resonances on the D1 line of alkali metals in the field of counterpropagating waves

A. V. Taǐchenachev, Valeriy I. Yudin, Vladimir L Velichansky, Sergei V Kargapol'tsev, R. Wynands, John E. Kitching, Leo W. Hollberg

Published Aug 1, 2004• 63 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new method providing a significant increase in the amplitude and contrast of dark resonances is proposed. The method is based on the use of the σ + −σ − configuration of polarized counterpropagating waves, D 1 -line excitation in alkali metal atoms, and small-sized cells. Qualitative considerations of the scheme are confirmed by the results of numerical calculations. A variant of a standing wave with homogeneous circular polarization is also discussed.

DOI
10.1134/1.1813678

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A new method providing a significant increase in the amplitude and contrast of dark resonances is proposed. The method is based on the use of the σ + −σ − configuration of polarized counterpropagating waves, D 1 -line excitation in alkali metal atoms, and small-sized cells. Qualitative considerations of the scheme are confirmed by the results of numerical calculations. A variant of a standing wave with homogeneous circular polarization is also discussed.
We propose a novel method enabling to create a high-contrast dark resonance in the 87Rb vapor D2-line. The method is based on an optical pumping of atoms into the working states by a two-frequency, linearly-polarized laser radiation propagating perpendicularly to the probe field. This new scheme is compared to the traditional scheme involving the circularly-polarized probe beam only, and significant improvement of the dark resonance parameters is found. Qualitative considerations are confirmed by numerical calculations.
Abstract High-contrast sub-Doppler resonances observed in alkali-metal atomic vapors in the field of counterpropagating bichromatic laser beams are perspective in quantum metrology for designing a miniature optical frequency standard. Until now, these nonlinear resonances have been investigated only experimentally or using numerical calculations. In our opinion, the development of a simplified theoretical model of the observed resonances, which would provide explicit compact analytic expressions describing the line shape of the resonance, would be extremely important for further evolution of the theory. In this study, we perform such theoretical analysis based on the three-level Λ scheme of the atom. We investigate two regimes, viz., the regime of a low-intensity standing wave with close intensities of counterpropagating beams (I1 ≈ I2) and the regime of a probe wave, in which one of the beams has a noticeably lower intensity than that of the oppositely propagating beam (I2 ≪ I1). The resulting analytic expressions make it possible to determine qualitative differences between these regimes and to separate explicitly the contributions from different nonlinear effects to the light field absorption, including the terms responsible for the formation of a high-contrast sub-Doppler peak. The expressions derived here are in qualitative agreement with experimental data obtained earlier.
In this study, the Ramsey spectroscopy of coherent population trapping resonances excited on the D1 line of alkali metal atoms in miniature vapor cells has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The configuration of the field produced by two counterpropagating waves with opposite circular polarizations has been considered. A counterpropagating wave is formed as a result of reflection from a partially transmitting output mirror, while the signal from the initial wave transmitted through the mirror is detected. It is shown that such a scheme is characterized by the optimal mirror reflection coefficient, for which the short-term stability can be substantially improved relative to the standard scheme without the counterpropagating wave. The three-fold improvement of the short-term stability of the atomic clock based on the coherent population trapping resonance in a vapor cell with 87Rb atoms has been demonstrated experimentally.