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Optics Letters

Effect of focal intensity on stimulated-Brillouin-scattering reflectivity and fidelity

Lee P. Schelonka, Christopher M. Clayton

Published Jan 1, 1988• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured the reflectivity and phase-conjugate fidelity of stimulated Brillouin scattering in hexane while varying the pump power and aberration. By directly measuring the reduction in focal intensity that is due to aberrations, we found that the reflectivity and the fidelity depend solely on the focal intensity. We were able to vary the strength of aberration, producing up to a factor-of-30 reduction in focal intensity. The reflectivity and fidelity decreased monotonically with decreasing focal intensity. There was no minimum amount of aberration required for accurate wave-front reversal, and the maximum amount was the aberration that reduced intensity to near threshold.

DOI
10.1364/ol.13.000042

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We have measured the reflectivity and phase-conjugate fidelity of stimulated Brillouin scattering in hexane while varying the pump power and aberration. By directly measuring the reduction in focal intensity that is due to aberrations, we found that the reflectivity and the fidelity depend solely on the focal intensity. We were able to vary the strength of aberration, producing up to a factor-of-30 reduction in focal intensity. The reflectivity and fidelity decreased monotonically with decreasing focal intensity. There was no minimum amount of aberration required for accurate wave-front reversal, and the maximum amount was the aberration that reduced intensity to near threshold.
The results of an experimental investigation of a new geometry for producing phase conjugation by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing are presented. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulfide, and the backward-going pump wave is created from the transmitted forward-going pump wave by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in glycerol. The two pump waves are hence phase conjugates of each other, and the quality of the phase-conjugation process is not degraded even by the use of an aberrated pump wave. The probe wave is created by SBS in carbon disulfide, which has a Brillouin frequency half that of glycerol, and the conjugate wave is therefore generated at the same frequency as the probe. Since the pump and signal waves differ in frequency by the Brillouin frequency of the carbon disulfide four-wave mixing medium, high reflectivities (approximately 2000%) are obtained as a result of Brillouin resonance enhancement.
Four-wave mixing mediated by Brillouin scattering in the transient regime exhibits an instability which results in large phase conjugate reflectivities [A. M. Scott and K. D. Ridley, IEEE J Quantum Electron. QE-25, 438 (1989)]. In this paper we compare measurements of the threshold for the instability both as a function of the ratio of the second pump beam to the first pump beam and as a function of the phase mismatch. Phase conjugation in Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing occurs through the interaction of a signal with two counterpropagating pump beams. In our experiments, the frequencies of all three input beams are different, and a small phase mismatch results. The magnitude of this mismatch was varied both by changing one of the input frequencies and the interaction length. The frequency of the second pump beam was changed by using stimulated Brillouin scattering in various mixtures. Thus we were able to vary the phase mismatch from four to thirteen resulting in a 50% change in the threshold intensity, in agreement with theoretical models. The ratio of the backward-to-forward pump beam intensities also affects the threshold, and measurements of this agree with the model.
We report on an investigation of Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing which provides phase conjugate reflectivities greater than 104. Theoretical modeling shows that the phase conjugate intensity grows with time until limited by pump depletion, and the main effect of varying the signal power is to increase the time delay before the conjugate beam reaches peak intensity. This is confirmed experimentally, and the maximum peak reflectivity is limited by the length of the laser pulses used in the experiment.