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Optics Letters

Stimulated Brillouin scattering phase-conjugation fidelity fluctuations

John J. Ottusch, David A. Rockwell

Published Mar 15, 1991• 50 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We observe shot-to-shot fluctuations in the far-field fidelity of stimulated Brillouin scattering phase-conjugate mirrors in the saturated reflectivity regime under various experimental conditions. The fluctuations, which are not seen in the reflectivity, reflect a partial breakdown in the discrimination mechanism that selectively amplifies the conjugate mode above the stimulated Brillouin scattering noise seed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.16.000369

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We observe shot-to-shot fluctuations in the far-field fidelity of stimulated Brillouin scattering phase-conjugate mirrors in the saturated reflectivity regime under various experimental conditions. The fluctuations, which are not seen in the reflectivity, reflect a partial breakdown in the discrimination mechanism that selectively amplifies the conjugate mode above the stimulated Brillouin scattering noise seed.
Various aspects of optical phase conjugation are discussed: the properties of the conjugate wave, its potential applications, the basic conjugation methods, and a brief history of the question. The theory for phase conjugation in stimulated scattering is set forth in detail. The basic experimental results on this conjugation method are also discussed in detail. Phase conjugation occurs because that configuration of the back-scattered field which has the conjugate wavefront is amplified to the greatest extent (at a doubled gain) in the intense speckle-inhomogeneous conjugate wave in a medium in which stimulated scattering occurs. Because of the large overall amplification in stimulated scattering, all the other, uncorrelated, configurations of the spontaneously scattered nucleating waves are amplified by a factor of 107 less and are discriminated against. The intervals of values of the various parameters in which the conjugate configuration (the specklon) exists are discussed theoretically, as is the effect of nonlinear selection and saturation on phase conjugation in stimulated scattering. There is a review of experimental results on the first observation of the effect, on the measurement of the angular structure of the uncorrelated waves and of the extent to which they are discriminated against, on the phase fluctuations of the conjugate wave, on the conjugation of subthreshold and depolarized radiation, and on phase conjugation in stimulated scattering in focused beams and for other scattered-wave amplification mechanisms.
We demonstrate techniques for reducing the noise at the output of a Brillouin amplifier. This is accomplished by nonlinear postprocessing of the amplified signal and noise in a phase-conjugate mirror. For a case in which the signal channel direction is known, the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced from 1 at the amplifier output to 104 after processing. Without a priori knowledge of the signal channel, an enhancement in the signal-to-noise ratio from 0.8 to 350 is obtained. This method relies on the speckled diverging nature of the noise emitted from a Brillouin amplifer and on the nonlinear reflectivity of stimulated Brillouin backscatter.