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Physica Scripta

Spatial bunching of atoms in the standing light wave

J. Mizerski, W. Miklaszewski

Published Dec 1, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The scattering of atoms on the standing wave is considered. A phenomenon of the atomic bunching along the standing wave is investigated. The multiple time scale perturbation method is used to obtain analytical results for the atomic space distribution. These results are in good agreement with the exact numerical evaluation. The simple expressions for the evolution of the atomic populations of the upper and lower levels are given and the possibility of creation of a large population inversion is reported.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/44/6/011

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The scattering of atoms on the standing wave is considered. A phenomenon of the atomic bunching along the standing wave is investigated. The multiple time scale perturbation method is used to obtain analytical results for the atomic space distribution. These results are in good agreement with the exact numerical evaluation. The simple expressions for the evolution of the atomic populations of the upper and lower levels are given and the possibility of creation of a large population inversion is reported.
The interaction between an atomic beam of two-level atoms and a standing wave light field has beenstudied by the exact solution of a time-dependent quantum system developed recently. When the initialatomic state is choosen to be ground, we find that with the limit of zero detuning the atoms will oscillatebetween the upper and the lower levels with a decaying amplitude. The most interesting result obtainedin this paper is when the initial atomic state is a particular superposition of the two levels, now the systemdoes not oscillate at any time.
Coherent and incoherent manifestations of light-pressure effects are considered. A simple analytical solution of the quantum problem of atomic scattering in a standing-wave field for arbitrarily large numbers of spontaneous transitions is obtained. Attractors of the light-pressure force in a strong field, i.e., the critical velocities at which a bunching of the particles takes place, are found. The one-dimensional problem of self-localization of an atomic ensemble in the field of counterpropagating waves is treated for a gas with an arbitrary optical thickness.
We use the multiple-time-scale perturbation technique to treat the long interaction time limit of atomic scattering from a standing light wave, i.e., the atomic Kapitza–Dirac effect. The use of the method is restricted to an exactly resonant interaction and an oblique angle of incidence. We develop the theory in some detail in view of its general applicability to a large class of physical phenomena. The accuracy of the ensuing analytical expressions is tested against exact numerical computations of the effect, and the allowed ranges of the parameters are given with reference to the actual atomic experiments. For moderately large values of the parameters that characterize the field strength and the photon recoil, the method is found to give excellent approximations for the long-time behavior, whereas straightforward perturbation expansions diverge because of unbounded secular terms.
The scattering of atoms by a resonance standing light wave is considered under conditions when the lower of two resonance levels is metastable, while the upper level rapidly decays due to mainly spontaneous radiative transitions to the nonresonance levels of an atom. The diffraction scattering regime is studied, when the Rabi frequency is sufficiently high and many diffraction maxima are formed due to scattering. The dynamics of spontaneous radiation of an atom is investigated. It is shown that scattering slows down substantially the radiative decay of the atom. The regions and characteristics of the power and exponential decay are determined. The adiabatic and nonadiabatic scattering regimes are studied. It is shown that the wave packets of atoms in the metastable and resonance excited states narrow down during scattering. A limiting (minimal) size of the wave packets is found, which is achieved upon nonadiabatic scattering in the case of a sufficiently long interaction time.