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Optics and Spectroscopy

Spatial localization of atomic populations in the field of stationary waves

Ekaterina A. Efremova, M. Yu. Gordeev, E. Yu. Perlin, Yu. Rozhdestvensky

Published Mar 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spatial localization of populations in internal states for three-level -atoms and four-level atoms in the N -configuration in the field of spherical light waves is considered. It is shown that the widths of spatial distributions for atoms in certain internal states as they interact with the field of standing waves amount to only several tens of nanometers.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x1503011x

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The spatial localization of populations in internal states for three-level -atoms and four-level atoms in the N -configuration in the field of spherical light waves is considered. It is shown that the widths of spatial distributions for atoms in certain internal states as they interact with the field of standing waves amount to only several tens of nanometers.
The paper deals with investigation of one aspect of fundamental problem of laser radiation interaction with the matter. This problem is spatial localization of atomic populations due to fields impact of few running waves. We are the first to propose in our work two–dimensional spatial localization of atomic populations in medium with tripod–like configuration of levels under the field influence of running waves only. Three running waves, propagating along one plane 120o angle-wise to each other, form the system of standing waves in this plane. Atomic populations can be localized in the field of these standing waves. Moreover, the degree of such localization can make up hundredth parts of the wavelength of the incident optical radiation. It is shown that an excitation of the central transition of the tripod-like system using a field of multidirectional linearly polarized running waves is the necessary condition of the population dependence from spatial coordinates in the XY – plane. The two–dimensional shapes that appear in this system can have very complicated structure such as “double – craters”.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization in a four-level tripod system under an influence of two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Position information of the atom is retained in the atomic internal states by an additional probe field either of a standing or of a running wave. It is shown that the localization factors depend crucially on the atom-field coupling that results in such spatial structures of populations as spikes, craters, and waves. We demonstrate a high-precision localization due to measurement of population in the upper state or in any ground state.
Schemes for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) atomic states localization in a five level M-type system using standing-wave laser fields are presented. In the upper two levels of the system we see a `coupled' localization for both 2D and 3D case. Here, the state in which majority of population will be found depends on the sign of the detunings between the upper levels and the intermediate level. The experimental implementation of the scheme using the D2 line of Rb is also proposed. The scheme may be manipulated to achieve subwavelength localization of atoms in one dimension to a spatial width, smaller by a factor of 1000 than the incident wavelength.
The localization of sodium atoms in a spherical standing single-frequency light wave was experimentally studied and numerical calculations were performed for two- and three-level sodium atom models. A qualitative agreement was obtained between the experimental and theoretical results for the three-level atoms. The interaction between sodium atoms and the single-frequency field was shown to cause an effective localization of the atoms in the vicinity of the light-wave modes. The process was found to be influenced substantially by optical pumping, giving rise to an additional cooling of the atoms.
The possibility of two-dimensional spatial localisation of atomic populations under the influence of the travelling wave fields in the tripod-configuration of quantum states is studied for the first time. Three travelling waves propagating in the same plane at an angle of to each other form a system of standing waves under the influence of which atomic populations are localised. The size of the region of spatial localisation of the populations, in principle, can be hundredths of a wavelength of optical radiation.