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Chinese Optics Letters

Time evolution of atomic inversion in a standing wave light field

殷雯, 梁九卿, 赖云忠, 严启伟

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The interaction between an atomic beam of two-level atoms and a standing wave light field has beenstudied by the exact solution of a time-dependent quantum system developed recently. When the initialatomic state is choosen to be ground, we find that with the limit of zero detuning the atoms will oscillatebetween the upper and the lower levels with a decaying amplitude. The most interesting result obtainedin this paper is when the initial atomic state is a particular superposition of the two levels, now the systemdoes not oscillate at any time.

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The interaction between an atomic beam of two-level atoms and a standing wave light field has beenstudied by the exact solution of a time-dependent quantum system developed recently. When the initialatomic state is choosen to be ground, we find that with the limit of zero detuning the atoms will oscillatebetween the upper and the lower levels with a decaying amplitude. The most interesting result obtainedin this paper is when the initial atomic state is a particular superposition of the two levels, now the systemdoes not oscillate at any time.
The scattering of atoms on the standing wave is considered. A phenomenon of the atomic bunching along the standing wave is investigated. The multiple time scale perturbation method is used to obtain analytical results for the atomic space distribution. These results are in good agreement with the exact numerical evaluation. The simple expressions for the evolution of the atomic populations of the upper and lower levels are given and the possibility of creation of a large population inversion is reported.
In this paper I study the dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with a standing-wave field. When the atom is subjected to a weak linear force, the problem can be turned into a time-dependent one, and the evolution is understood from the band structure of the spectrum. The presence of level crossings in the spectrum gives rise to Bloch oscillations of the atomic motion. Here I investigate the effects of the atom-field detuning parameter. A variety of different level crossings are obtained by changing the magnitude of the detuning, and the behavior of the atomic motion is strongly affected due to this. I also consider the situation in which the detuning is oscillating in time, and its impact on the atomic motion. Wave-packet simulations of the full problem are treated numerically and the results are compared with analytical solutions given by the standard Landau-Zener and the three-level Landau-Zener models.
The formation of two-dimensional nonspreading atomic wave packets produced in the interaction of a beam of two-level atoms with two standing light waves polarised in the same plane is considered. The mechanism providing a dispersionless particle dynamics is the balance of two processes: a rapid decay of the atomic wave function away from the field nodes due to spontaneous transitions to nonresonance states and the quantum broadening of the wave packets formed in the close vicinity of field nodes. Coordinate-dependent amplitudes and phases of the two-dimensional wave packets were found for the j g =0 ↔ j e =1 transition.
The method of multiple scales is used to derive a solution of the damped optical Bloch equations of a two-level atomic system due to a strong pulsed field. The time dependence of the oscillations of the atomic inversion influenced by detuning and power broadening is found. The population inversion consists, in general, of three terms: a quasisteady term, quasisteady term that decays with time, and an oscillatory term that also decays with time. In the limit of constant fields, the solution of Torrey for damped systems and that of Rabi for undamped systems are recovered. For an adiabatic switching of the field, the solution for undamped systems reduces to that of Crisp in the adiabatic following limit. An equation describing the field envelope is derived for an arbitrary amount of detuning. At exact resonance, this equation reduces to a pendulum equation, in agreement with previous analyses.
We investigate the time evolution of the entanglement in the interacting system of a single two-level atom and a single mode coherence field with phase decoherence and discuss the influences of the coupling constant of light and atoms,mean photon number of light and detuning.The results show that the oscillating frequency of the entanglement of the system will increase with the increasing of the coupling constant of light and atoms and the mean photon number of light.The influence of the detuning on time evolution of the entanglement is obvious without phase decoherence and the quantum state of the field and atom will stay in a most entangled state for a long time when the detuning is proper.The phase decoherence causes the fading of entanglement when the system is resonant and it will fade to zero at last.The entanglement of the system is a fading oscillation at first with phase decoherence.The detuning restrains the phase decoherence with the time evolution.In this case the entanglement of the system will not fade to zero at last.The oscillating amplitude of the entanglement is lessening at first and the entanglement will quickly become a constant value with the increasing of detuning.The system will stay in an entangled state with phase decoherence if the detuning is proper.
The influence of the phase difference of the components of a bichromatic field on the dynamics of a two-level atom is studied in the framework of an analytical approach. We give a new, more adequate explanation of an experiment [R. E. Silverano et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1070 (1985)] where strong phase effects were observed in the interaction of a fast atomic beam with a standing-wave field. It was shown that these effects are caused by interference of contributions of components of the bichromatic field in the amplitude of the upper state. There is excellent agreement between our analytical results and both experimental data and the results of numerical calculation.