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IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Dynamics of an asymmetric nondestructive read out memory cell

H. Beha

Published Jan 1, 1979• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In single flux quantum interferometer memory cells the information can be stored without bias current, if the interferometer inductance L is chosen sufficiently large (\lambda = 2\piLI_{0}/\Phi_{0} = 2\pi) to allow for three stable states (-1-, 0-, 1-mode) at zero control and gate current. In this case the binary informations are represented by the -1- and 0-mode of the interferometer. The nondestructive read out operation of a binary "1" is performed without a transition into another mode or into the voltage state. The binary "1" corresponds to no sense signal. Nondestructive read out of the binary "0" is achieved in switching to the voltage state and in returning to the 0-mode after the end of the drive currents. In this paper the dynamics of switching back into the zero voltage state are investigated by simulations of trajectories in the order parameter phase plane. It is shown that for realistic fabrication tolerances the interferometer settles in the wanted 0-mode and not in the -1- or 1-mode even under severe gate or control current disturbs, if the maximum Josephson currents of the two Josephson junctions are unequal (2:1) and if the McCumber damping factor is sufficiently large (\beta \approx 100).

DOI
10.1109/tmag.1979.1060273

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In single flux quantum interferometer memory cells the information can be stored without bias current, if the interferometer inductance L is chosen sufficiently large (\lambda = 2\piLI_{0}/\Phi_{0} = 2\pi) to allow for three stable states (-1-, 0-, 1-mode) at zero control and gate current. In this case the binary informations are represented by the -1- and 0-mode of the interferometer. The nondestructive read out operation of a binary "1" is performed without a transition into another mode or into the voltage state. The binary "1" corresponds to no sense signal. Nondestructive read out of the binary "0" is achieved in switching to the voltage state and in returning to the 0-mode after the end of the drive currents. In this paper the dynamics of switching back into the zero voltage state are investigated by simulations of trajectories in the order parameter phase plane. It is shown that for realistic fabrication tolerances the interferometer settles in the wanted 0-mode and not in the -1- or 1-mode even under severe gate or control current disturbs, if the maximum Josephson currents of the two Josephson junctions are unequal (2:1) and if the McCumber damping factor is sufficiently large (\beta \approx 100).
An improved single flux-quantum Josephson interferometer memory cell which brought stable nondestructive read-out (NDRO) operation was proposed. The cell was constructed with an end-fed asymmetric two-junction interferometer, in which the bit operating current level could be set far above the critical point for stable NDRO operation. Damping condition for proper memory operation was studied by computer simulation. The NDRO operation was experimentally obtained for the McCumber damping parameter βc of 300–400.
A proposal vortex transitional nondestructive read-out Josephson memory cell is successfully fabricated and tested. The memory cell consists of two superconducting loops in which a single flux quantum is stored and a two-junction interferometer gate as a sense gate. The memory cell employs vortex transitions in the superconducting loops for writing and reading data. The vortex transitional memory operation of the cell contributes to improving its sense discrimination and operating margin. The memory cell is activated by two control signals without timing control signals. Memory cell chips have been fabricated using a niobium planarization process. A±21% address signal current margin and a ±33% sense gate current margin have been obtained experimentally. Successful memory operations of a cell driven by two-junction interferometer gates has been demonstrated. The single flux quantum operations of this memory cell makes it an attractive basic element for a high-speed cache memory.
A new Single Flux-Quantum (SFQ) Nondestructive Read-Out (NDRO) random-access asymmetric 2-Josephson-junction interferometer memory cell with only one control line has been investigated and designed. The binary information is stored in the cell nonvolatilely without a bias current. For random access, this is the first known interferometer memory cell without a diagonal line. Therefore, this NDRO SFQ memory cell leads intrinsically to smaller cell area and simpler decoder schemes. A cell design of only 52 lithographic squares is given to demonstrate the potential for high-density memory chips. Wide nominal read and write operating margins are obtained. The NDRO interferometer memory cell proposed is promising for use in a high-performance Josephson computer.
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A new vortex transitional NDRO memory cell has been proposed for use as a high-speed cache memory. The memory cell consists of two superconducting loops with one Josephson junction and a two-junction interferometer gate. The superconducting loop stores single-flux quantum. The interferometer gate operates as a sense gate. The memory cell employs a vortex transition in the superconducting loop for the writing and reading of data. The sense gate current margin increases to ±38% since the coupling magnetic flux is amplified by the vortex transition for nominally designed cell parameters. The memory cell operates with a ±33% address signal current margin. This paper describes the memory cell design and the dynamic behavior of computer simulations.