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Physical Review A

Observation of an electromagnetically induced grating in cold sodium atoms

Masaharu Mitsunaga, Nobuyuki Imoto

Published Jun 1, 1999• 207 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed diffraction signals by a grating originating from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda} system of cold sodium atoms. Theoretical and experimental analyses of this phenomenon, called the electromagnetically induced grating (EIG), have revealed that EIG spectra exhibit background-free, Lorentzian signal profiles regardless of the pump frequencies, making a clear contrast to the case of ordinary EIT spectra.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.4773

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We have observed diffraction signals by a grating originating from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda} system of cold sodium atoms. Theoretical and experimental analyses of this phenomenon, called the electromagnetically induced grating (EIG), have revealed that EIG spectra exhibit background-free, Lorentzian signal profiles regardless of the pump frequencies, making a clear contrast to the case of ordinary EIT spectra.
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A strong coupling standing wave, interacting with three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type (or ladder-type) atoms, can diffract a weak probe field (propagating along a direction normal to the standing wave) into high-order diffractions, a phenomenon which we name electromagnetically induced grating (EIG). We develop in this work a theory for studying EIG in a homogeneously broadened medium consisting of three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type atoms. We show that by taking advantage of the absorption and dispersion properties of electromagnetically induced transparency one can create an atomic grating that can effectively diffract light into the first-order direction.
Summary form only given. The demonstration of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on an atomic transition along with its potential possibilities of applications has driven a much deeper investigation on the atom-field interaction, specifically concerning to the level degeneracy. This coherent response of an atomic system can also be studied through four-wave mixing (FWM), a process named electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) which present the advantage of being a background free technique. In this work we present results on the observation of subnatural EIG resonance in a degenerate open two-level system where the Zeeman degeneracy plays a important role. The experiment is performed in cold cesium atoms obtained from a MOT and employs the conventional backwards FWM configuration.
We have experimentally investigated laser diffraction on electromagnetically induced gratings in a degenerate open two-level system. The experiment employs the standard backward four-wave mixing configuration and the open ${6S}_{1/2}(F=4)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{6P}_{3/2}{(F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4)$ transition of cold cesium atoms. Population and coherence gratings are accessed for different relative polarizations of the incident laser beams. Natural and subnatural linewidths are observed depending on which frequency of the incident beams is scanned and reveal the effect of the atomic motion on the diffraction spectra. A simple theoretical model using a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system is in reasonable agreement with the observed results and allowed us to make a close connection with the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency.
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