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International Conference on Quantum Information

Selective excitation of exciton molecule states for the entanglement of excitons in a coupled quantum dots

Keishiro Goshima, Kazuhiro Komori, Takeyoshi Sugaya, T. Takagahara

Published Jan 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose 2-qubit quantum logic gates using an exciton molecule state in a coupled quantum dots (CQDs) and experimentally demonstrate the selective creation of correlated exciton states for the exciton entanglement in a CQDs by two color optical excitations.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2007.jwc41

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We investigated the formation dynamics of an artificial exciton molecule state, which consists of two different excitons confined in each quantum dot of a pair of quantum dots, namely, a coupled quantum dot (CQD). By the selective optical excitation of the inherent energy states of two different excitons using two-color pulsed excitation, we created an artificial exciton molecule state and investigated the transient dynamics, and monitored the photoluminescence, namely, the population of the artificial exciton molecule states. By employing the power dependence of the two colors, we tried the two-qubit logic gate operation and succeeded in controlling the population of an artificial exciton molecule (pulse area θ<π).
Currently there is strong interest in realizing implementations of quantum computation and quantum cryptography in a solid state environment. One of the systems that are actively studied are semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Due to their discrete energy level structure, they are often called artificial atoms, and they attract immediately interest of quantum information science since they allow to mimic the design developed for atomic physics systems such as ions in traps or atoms in cavities. However, despite of the similarities, one has to keep in main that any elementary excitation in a QD has a generic many-body character. An essential building block of a quantum processor is a quantum gate which entangles the states of two quantum bits. Recently it has been proposed that a pair of vertically aligned QDs could be used as an optically driven quantum gate: The quantum bits are individual carriers either on dot zero or dot one. The different dot indices play the same role as a "spin," therefore we term them "isospin." Quantum mechanical tunneling between the dots rotates the "isospin" and leads to superposition of two quantum dot states. The quantum gate is built when two different particles, an electron and a hole, are created optically. The two particles form entangled isospin states. The entanglement can be controlled by application of an electric field along the heterostructure growth direction. Here we present spectroscopic studies on single quantum dot molecules (QDMs) with different vertical separation between the dots that support the feasibility of this proposal. The comparison of the evolution of the excitonic recombination spectrum with the results of calculations allows us to demonstrate coherent tunneling of electrons and holes across the separating barrier and the formation of entangled exciton states. For a given barrier width, we find only small variations of the tunneling induced splitting between the entangled states demonstrating a good homogeneity within the obtained QDM ensembles.
We report coherent optical control of a biexciton (two electron-hole pairs), confined in a single quantum dot, that shows coherent oscillations similar to the excited-state Rabi flopping in an isolated atom. The pulse control of the biexciton dynamics, combined with previously demonstrated control of the single-exciton Rabi rotation, serves as the physical basis for a two-bit conditional quantum logic gate. The truth table of the gate shows the features of an all-optical quantum gate with interacting yet distinguishable excitons as qubits. Evaluation of the fidelity yields a value of 0.7 for the gate operation. Such experimental capability is essential to a scheme for scalable quantum computation by means of the optical control of spin qubits in dots.
We show that excitons in coupled quantum dots are ideal candidates for reliable preparation of entangled states in solid-state systems. An optically controlled exciton transfer process is shown to lead to the generation of Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states in systems comprising two and three coupled dots, respectively. The strength and duration of selective light pulses for producing maximally entangled states are identified by both analytic and full numerical solution of the quantum dynamical equations. Experimental requirements to build such entangled states are discussed.