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Optics and Spectroscopy

Variants of controlling light pulses under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency with energy degeneracy

A. S. Losev, A. S. Troshin

Published Jan 1, 2011• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction of signal and control fields with an extended medium of two-level atoms with degenerate energy levels is considered in the semiclassical approximation. The effects of recording, storing, and release of signal pulses are studied for several schemes under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. The possibility of inverting the succession of the reconstructed pulses is shown.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x11010127

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Physical Review A•Apr 6, 2009•6 citations
The interaction of signal and control fields with an extended medium of two-level atoms with degenerate energy levels is considered in the semiclassical approximation. The effects of recording, storing, and release of signal pulses are studied for several schemes under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. The possibility of inverting the succession of the reconstructed pulses is shown.
This paper shows that it is theoretically possible for a medium to generate two copies of an incoming probe pulse as a result of the successive action of two control pulses under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. The medium is treated in the model of two-level atoms with threefold degeneration of the lower level (tripod configuration). The three laser-radiation pulses differ in polarization, and the propagation directions of the probe pulse and the two control pulses are orthogonal. The calculation uses a semiclassical approach, the slow-amplitude approximation, and the fixed-field approximation of the control pulses.
In the present paper we have discussed in detail electromagnetically induced transparency and signal storing in the case of one signal pulse propagating in a classical electric medium resembles this of four-level atoms in the tripod configuration. Our theoretical results confirm recently observed dependence of transparency windows position on coupling parameters. In the process of storing, the pulse energy is confined inside the metamaterial as electric charge oscillations, and after required time it is possible to switch the control fields on again and to release the trapped signal. By manipulating the driving fields, one can thus control the parameters of the released signal and even to divide it on demand into arbitrary parts.
On the basis of the semiclassical theory of the laser light interaction with a cold atomic cloud it is shown that, under conditions of three-fold degeneracy of the Λ-scheme's ground-level, the effects of electromagnetically induced transparency and the significant reduction of group velocities are realized for two light pulses of different polarization and shape in the presence of the controlling light wave. Their effective joint reproduction when switching on the controlling light after a dark pause is demonstrated.
The propagation of a weak-field pulse through a medium of three-level atoms is considered. Each atom has a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type level scheme in which the two lower levels are stable. A strong control field drives one of the electronic transitions while the signal field drives the coupled transition under conditions where EIT (electromagnetically induced transparency) is usually operative. The input pulse is slowed and compressed as it enters the medium, adiabatically following the EIT solution. However, if the control field is changed suddenly when the pulse is in the medium, the signal field is transformed into two pulses, one of which propagates as a normal EIT pulse and the other with a different speed and an amplitude that oscillates in time. The temporal oscillations are transformed into both spatial and temporal oscillations as the pulse exits the medium. An analytic expression is derived for the pulse intensity which provides a good approximation to the exact result at all times. It is shown that the oscillating component of the exiting pulse can be spatially compressed in comparison with the input pulse.
Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium interacting with two laser beams can exhibit effects of reciprocal influence of both beams on optical properties of the medium. If the probe beam reaches instantaneous intensity comparable to that of the control beam, considerable energy is transferred to the latter. Resulting increase in the control-beam intensity temporarily modifies EIT conditions and consequently affects propagation of probe-beam pulses. The effect is particularly strong in atomic media exhibiting significant dissipation of radiation energy due to relaxation processes efficiently counteracting the optical pumping. Coherent interaction of atoms with both beams causes reduction of dissipation of the control beam (reciprocal EIT conditions). Our experiments with hot rubidium vapor demonstrate the possibility of dual control over slow propagation of light pulses in such media. Besides the well-known dependence on input control-beam intensity, the delays of output probe pulses depended significantly also on the energy of input probe pulses. Moreover, for relatively short input pulses, very specific shape of output pulses was observed, invariant in wide ranges of input probe pulse energies and control-beam intensities. The shapes of the output pulses were also the same for short input pulses of different shapes as well as for pulses temporarily stored in the medium by switching off the control beam during their propagation.