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Optics Letters

Analysis of mutually incoherent beam coupling in BaTiO_3

A. M. C. Smout, Robert W. Eason

Published Jul 1, 1987• 107 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When two mutually incoherent light beams are used as simultaneous inputs to a crystal of BaTiO(3), a spontaneously generated loop of light is created that provides a coupling mechanism between the two input beams, resulting in two phase-conjugate outputs. This behavior is discussed, and the phase-conjugate reflectivities are presented as a function of the ratio of input-beam intensities. A simple theory is developed to describe this phenomenon, and the predictions are compared with experimental data.

DOI
10.1364/ol.12.000498

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When two mutually incoherent light beams are used as simultaneous inputs to a crystal of BaTiO(3), a spontaneously generated loop of light is created that provides a coupling mechanism between the two input beams, resulting in two phase-conjugate outputs. This behavior is discussed, and the phase-conjugate reflectivities are presented as a function of the ratio of input-beam intensities. A simple theory is developed to describe this phenomenon, and the predictions are compared with experimental data.
We have demonstrated experimentally the simultaneous self-conjugation of extraordinarily and ordinarily polarized light waves (lambda=514 nm), with the polarization state preserved, in a Ce:BaTiO(3) crystal. Conjugate o waves originate from coupling between o and e waves by means of a circular photogalvanic effect. The conjugator also takes advantage of the Ce:BaTiO(3) crystal, for which it is easy to generate an extraordinary conjugate beam by photorefractive backscattering. This beam of light is necessary for double phase conjugation.
A new type of interferometer has been constructed that uses a beam splitter and two self-pumped BaTiO(3) crystals as phase-conjugate reflectors in place of the usual interferometer mirrors. Counterpropagating beams of light are spontaneously generated between the two crystals, coupling the pair of phase conjugators. This optical oscillation locks the relative phase of the two phase-conjugate reflections such that they recombine at the beam splitter to form only a single beam as though they were truly time-reversed waves.
A simple setup that is capable of performing the function of an optical XOR logic gate is proposed. The setup consists of two BaTiO3 self-pumped phase conjugators as its principal elements. The mechanism of the gate is based on the phenomenon of self-pumped phase conjugation and the suppression of it by ordinarily polarized beams. In this way, the two input channels of the system are not required to be mutually coherent. In addition to its use as an XOR gate, the setup can be used as an image subtractor. And, as in the case in which it is used as a logic gate, the two input images do not need to be mutually coherent.
Plane-wave analysis of the recently demonstrated photorefractive phase conjugators with mutually incoherent beams is presented. Based on four-wave mixing theory, two important configurations, the bird-wing phase conjugator and the mutually incoherent beam coupler are investigated by solving coupled nonlinear equations with beam depletion and absorption. Various intensity performances are theoretically analyzed. Different configurations of this kind of mutually incoherent phase conjugators are compared. Competition of different processes is discussed. Experimental data are well fitted by the theory.>