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Applied Physics Letters

Optically reversible switching between binary states using multistable loops

Yasunori Tokuda, Yuji Abe, Noriaki Tsukada, Shigetoshi Nara

Published Nov 8, 1993• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a novel method of optically reversible switching between binary transmission states by taking advantage of the optical multistability which can be obtained from two bistable devices optically connected in series. The basic set and reset functions were experimentally demonstrated by use of an n-i-p-i-n device in which two quantum well self-electro-optic effect devices are vertically integrated.

DOI
10.1063/1.110446

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We present a novel method of optically reversible switching between binary transmission states by taking advantage of the optical multistability which can be obtained from two bistable devices optically connected in series. The basic set and reset functions were experimentally demonstrated by use of an n-i-p-i-n device in which two quantum well self-electro-optic effect devices are vertically integrated.
We demonstrate an integrated symmetric self-electrooptic effect device (S-SEED) consisting of two quantum well PIN diodes electrically connected in a series. The device acts as a bistable optical memory element with individual set S and reset R inputs and complementary outputs (optical S-R latch). The switching point is determined by the ratio of the two inputs, making the device insensitive to optical power supply fluctuations when both power beams are derived from the same source; i.e., it solves the problem of critical biasing common to most optically bistable devices.
An optically bistable absorption system involving several feedback loops formed by the lateral supply of a fraction of light energy passed through a semiconductor with single-and two-photon absorption is analyzed. It is shown that multistability can be realized in the case of two-photon absorption. The use of several loops makes it possible to significantly reduce energy expenditures on switching and to reduce the switching time by approximately a factor of 10. A method of switching the system from one state to another by varying the reflectivities of side mirrors is proposed.
We show that the reset operation, switching from an upper stable state to a lower one in optical bistable devices, is achieved by means of a positive optical pulse through undershoot-switching, in contrast with conventional downward switching by means of optical pulses negative relative to an optical bias level. Flip-flop and set-reset operations are demonstrated by using only positive optical pulses in an electrooptic bistable device, in which similar operations can also be achieved by applying electric pulses on a biased optical input.
We present a novel approach to achieving intrinsic optical bistability and multistability through the interplay between saturable and reverse saturable absorption. Our findings reveal that the stable points on the optical bistability curve align with the switching points of intensity-dependent nonlinear absorption. By analyzing the optical properties of a four-level cascade quantum system, we demonstrate that these switching behaviors can be triggered by applying laser fields to induce nonlinear absorption. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive model to describe the intensity-dependent nonlinear absorption within this quantum system. Finally, it is shown that the optical bistability switches to the multistability when the detuning of applied fields exceeds the multi-photon resonance condition.