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Physical Review A

Optical and microwave study of a very weak perturbation in high Rydberg states of lutetium

H. Maeda, Yukari Matsuo, M. Takami

Published Feb 1, 1993• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A very weak perturbation around the 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$52d $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2}$ high Rydberg series of Lu has been studied. A line-intensity distribution of the 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$nd $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2}$ optical transitions exhibits a well-developed Beutler-Fano interference profile with a significant decrease of the radiative lifetime by the configuration interaction. An accurate energy-level structure of the perturbed series is determined by measuring microwave two-photon transitions among the 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$${\mathit{nd}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2}$ series. The optical line-intensity profiles are analyzed directly by using the eigenfunctions of the perturbed Rydberg series derived from the microwave data. The results are compared with those obtained by the configuration-interaction theory developed by Fano [Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)].

DOI
10.1103/physreva.47.1174

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A very weak perturbation around the 6s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s252d ^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2} high Rydberg series of Lu has been studied. A line-intensity distribution of the 6s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2nd ^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2} optical transitions exhibits a well-developed Beutler-Fano interference profile with a significant decrease of the radiative lifetime by the configuration interaction. An accurate energy-level structure of the perturbed series is determined by measuring microwave two-photon transitions among the 6{\mathit{s}}^{2}$${\mathit{nd}}^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2} series. The optical line-intensity profiles are analyzed directly by using the eigenfunctions of the perturbed Rydberg series derived from the microwave data. The results are compared with those obtained by the configuration-interaction theory developed by Fano [Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)].
A very weak perturbation around the 6s252d 2D3/2 high Rydberg series of Lu has been studied. An intensity distribution of the optical spectrum around the perturber exhibits well developed Fano profile with significant decrease of radiative life time by the perturbation. Microwave two-photon transitions among the 6s2nd 2D3/2 series are measured to determine the accurate energy level structure of the perturbed series. Analysis of the microwave spectrum as well as the intensity profile and its delay-time dependence has led to the determination of accurate spectroscopic parameters.
The highly excited even levels of the lutetium atom are studied by two-step resonance ionisation spectroscopy. Four Rydberg series, 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 (n=17-76), 6s 2 nd 2 D 3/2 (n=14-105), 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 (n=19-87) and 6s 2 ng 2 G 9/2 (n=21-61), are measured and analysed. A very weak perturbation from an unassigned J= 3 / 2 even valence level is observed around 6s 2 52d 2 D 3/2 as a dip of ion signals induced by a decrease of radiative lifetimes in the perturbed Rydberg states. Small dips observed in nearby 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 and 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 Rydberg states are interpreted as the influence of the quadrupole hyperfine interaction of 175 Lu (I= 7 / 2 ).
To probe the configuration mixing between the Ba 6snd1D26snd^{1}D_{2}6snd1D2​ and 3D2^{3}D_{2}3D2​ Rydberg series and the 5d7d1D25d7d^{1}D_{2}5d7d1D2​ perturber we have observed the radio-frequency transitions between the 5d7d1D25d7d^{1}D_{2}5d7d1D2​ state and the 6s28s1S06s28s^{1}S_{0}6s28s1S0​, 6s24f3F26s24f^{3}F_{2}6s24f3F2​, and 6s24f1F36s24f^{1}F_{3}6s24f1F3​ states using a delayed-field-ionization approach. The transitions are observed in the presence of small (\ensuremath{\sim}1 V/cm) electric fields, and from the Stark shifts of the transitions we are able to estimate the 1D^{1}D1D and 3D^{3}D3D Rydberg fractions of the 5d7d5d7d5d7d state. Our measured zero-field term separations tie together previous optical measurements of the various Rydberg series involved. In addition, we have measured the lifetimes of the 6snd6snd6snd states in the vicinity of the 5d7d5d7d5d7d perturber to estimate the fraction of 5d7d5d7d5d7d character in each of the Rydberg states. The values we find for the configuration mixing are in reasonable agreement with those determined by a multichannel-quantum-defect-theory analysis of the optical spectrum of the even-parity J=2J=2J=2 states of Ba.
Microwave transitions between the neighboring levels that belong to the 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​, 1^{1}1P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​, and 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ Rydberg series of ytterbium are studied for the principal quantum number ranging from 33 to 57. The term values and the quantum defects are determined by means of the general Rydberg-Ritz formula. The determined quantum defects show large linear energy dependence. The Zeeman effect measured for three 1^{1}1P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ and one 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ Rydberg states under a weak external magnetic field is discussed.
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd were populated from the metastable 4f14^{14}14 6s 6p 3^33Po_oo​ level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields FcF_cFc​ of the levels 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd 3^33D1_11​ (24 ≤ n ≤ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (FcF_cFc​ = (16 n∗4n^{*4}n∗4)−1^{-1}−1). The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest nnn values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nnnd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for nnn = 26 was demonstrated.
We present precise measurements of the quantum defects of cesium nFJn{F}_{J}nFJ​ Rydberg levels. We employ high-precision microwave spectroscopy of $(n+2){D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{F}_{5/2,7/2}$ transitions for n=45n=45n=45 to 50 in a cold-atom setup. Cold cesium (n+2)D5/2(n+2){D}_{5/2}(n+2)D5/2​ atoms, prepared via two-photon laser excitation, are probed by scanning weak microwave fields interacting with the atoms across the nF5/2,7/2n{F}_{5/2,7/2}nF5/2,7/2​ resonances. Transition spectra are acquired using state-selective electric-field ionization and time-gated ion detection. Transition-frequency intervals are obtained by Lorentzian fits to the measured spectral lines, which have linewidths ranging between 70 and 190 kHz, corresponding to about one to three times the Fourier limit. A comprehensive analysis of relevant line-shift uncertainties and line-broadening effects is conducted. We find quantum defect parameters ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{5/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}415\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}37(70)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{5/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2014(16)$, as well as ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}({F}_{7/2})=0.033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}564\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}6(13)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{2}({F}_{7/2})=\ensuremath{-}0.2052(29)$, for J=5/2J=5/2J=5/2 and 7/27/27/2, respectively. Fine-structure parameters AFS{A}_{\mathrm{FS}}AFS​ and BFS{B}_{\mathrm{FS}}BFS​ for Cs nFJn{F}_{J}nFJ​ are also obtained. Results are discussed in context with previous works, and the significance of the results is discussed.