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Optics Express

High brightness, tunable biphoton source at 976 nm for quantum spectroscopy

Andreas Jechow, Axel Heuer, Ralf Menzel

Published Aug 15, 2008• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A compact all solid state continuous-wave biphoton source, tunable around 488 nm, for quantum spectroscopic applications based on a frequency doubled diode laser system is presented. Copolarized photon pairs in the fundamental transversal mode could be generated at 976 nm by spontaneous parametric down conversion inside a type-0 quasi phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide crystal with an efficiency of 8-10(-6). A high flux rate greater than 10(7) photon pairs per second has been achieved at pump powers in the muW range resulting in more than 7-10(9) photon pairs/s-mW. Further a detailed investigation of the spectral behavior and the flux rate as a function of the detuning from the degenerated case is presented.

DOI
10.1364/oe.16.013439

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A compact all solid state continuous-wave biphoton source, tunable around 488 nm, for quantum spectroscopic applications based on a frequency doubled diode laser system is presented. Copolarized photon pairs in the fundamental transversal mode could be generated at 976 nm by spontaneous parametric down conversion inside a type-0 quasi phase matched periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide crystal with an efficiency of 8-10(-6). A high flux rate greater than 10(7) photon pairs per second has been achieved at pump powers in the muW range resulting in more than 7-10(9) photon pairs/s-mW. Further a detailed investigation of the spectral behavior and the flux rate as a function of the detuning from the degenerated case is presented.
Photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are essential for a number of quantum-optics experiments. By utilizing periodically poled (PP) waveguide structures high flux rates of biphotons in one transversal mode can be obtained. The biphoton source presented here is explicitly designed for quantum spectroscopic application and is based on a frequency doubled broad area external cavity diode laser (BA-ECDL) that pumps SPDC inside a PPLN waveguide crystal. A time correlated single photon counting device has been used for the correlation measurements.
Broadband nonlinear optical devices play a critical role in both classical and quantum optics. Here, we design and fabricate a 6.82-mm-long step-chirped periodically poled lithium niobate (CPPLN) waveguide on lithium niobate on insulator, which enables quasi-phase matching over a broad bandwidth for second-harmonic generation (SHG) and spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The SHG achieves an average efficiency of 91%/W/cm 2 over the first-harmonic wavelength range of 1510 nm–1620 nm, paving the way for realizing SPDC across a wide range of pump wavelengths. For SPDC, by tuning the pump wavelength to 775 nm, 780 nm, and 785 nm, we achieve broadband photon-pair generation with a maximum full bandwidth and brightness up to 99 THz (846 nm) and 21 MHz/mW/nm, respectively. Our findings provide an efficient and experiment-friendly approach for generating broadband photon pairs, which holds significant promise for advancing applications in quantum metrology.
Broadband nonlinear optical devices play a critical role in both classical and quantum optics. Here, we design and fabricate a 6.82-mm-long step-chirped periodically poled lithium niobate~(CPPLN) waveguide on lithium niobate on insulator, which enables quasi-phase matching over a broad bandwidth for second-harmonic generation~(SHG) and spontaneous parametric down-conversion~(SPDC). The SHG achieves an average efficiency of 54.4\%/W/cm2^22 over the first-harmonic wavelength range of 1510~nm-1620~nm, paving the way for realizing SPDC across a wide range of pump wavelengths. For SPDC, by tuning the pump wavelength to 775~nm, 780~nm, and 785~nm, we achieve broadband photon-pair generation with a maximum full bandwidth and brightness up to 99~THz~(846~nm) and 20~GHz/mW/nm, respectively. Our findings provide an efficient and experiment-friendly approach for generating broadband photon pairs, which holds significant promise for advancing applications in quantum metrology.
Reliable generation of single photons is of key importance for fundamental physical experiments and quantum protocols.The periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) waveguide has shown promise for an integrated quantum source due to its large spectral tunability and high efficiency, benefiting from the quasi-phase-matching.Here we demonstrate photon-pair sources based on an LN waveguide periodically poled by a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam.The pair coincidence rate reaches ∼8000 counts per second for average pump power of 3.2 mW (peak power is 2.9 kW).Our results prove the possibility of application of the nonlinear photonics structure fabricated by femtosecond laser to the integrated quantum source.This method can be extended to three-dimensional domain structures, which provide a potential platform for steering the spatial degree of freedom of the entangled two-photon states.
Efficient on-chip entangled photon pair generation at telecom wavelengths is an integral aspect of emerging quantum optical technologies, particularly for quantum communication and computing. However, moving to shorter wavelengths enables the use of more accessible silicon detector technology, and opens up applications in imaging and spectroscopy. Here, we present high brightness ((1.6 ± 0.3) × 10 9 pairs/s/mW/nm) visible–near-IR photon pair generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguide. The degenerate spectrum of the photon pairs is centered at 811 nm with a bandwidth of 117 nm when pumped with a spectrally multimode laser diode. The measured on-chip source efficiency of (2.3 ± 0.5) × 10 11 pairs/s/mW is on par with source efficiencies at telecom wavelengths and is also orders of magnitude higher than the efficiencies of other visible sources implemented in bulk crystal or diffused waveguide-based technologies. Further improvements in the brightness and efficiencies are possible by pumping the device with a single-frequency laser, which would also shrink the pair bandwidth. These results represent the shortest wavelength of photon pairs generated in a nanophotonic waveguide reported to date by nearly an octave.