Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Modern Physics Letters B

QUANTUM NOISE REDUCTION BY ELECTRO-OPTICAL MODULATION OF A COHERENT LIGHT FIELD

A. LUZIA S. SILVA, B. Baseia, Sérgio Carlos Zílio

Published Mar 20, 1995• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We employ a time-dependent Hamiltonian and a time-dependent canonical transformation to investigate the possibility of reduction of quantum noise below the vacuum limit by electro-optical modulation of a coherent light field. It is shown that the amount of noise reduction depends on the time variation of the bias field in the electro-optical effect. Some illustrative examples yielding explicit results are considered, the present scenery constituting a practical realization of some theoretical models in the literature.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984995000395

Related papers

Réduction du bruit de photon à l'aide d'un asservissement sur des faisceaux jumeaux produits par un oscillateur paramétrique optique

Jerome C. Mertz

We present two experiment that demonstrate intensity noise reduction in light below the standard quantum noise level. A first experiment establishes a reduction of 86 % in the intensity difference noise spectrum of twin beams generated by an Optical Parametric Oscillator. The second experiment exploits this intensity correlation between the twin beams and uses one beam to electro-optically control the other, generating a single beam whose intensity noise is reduced 24 % below the shot noise level. General theories are presented for both processes using a semi-classical input-output formalism. Control configurations are examined where the noise reduction is effected directly from one beam to the other (feedforward), or indirectly through the pump beam (feedback). We determine the maximum amount of noise reduction that may be obtained from active control and detail for these configurations the limitations imposed by constraints of causality and stability. Finally, we demonstrate the equivalence of the semi-classical model with a "corpuscular" photon model in the small fluctuation limit, which we substantiate using Monte-Carlo simulation.

•Nov 12, 1991•0 citations

Noise reduction via optimal control in a light-matter quantum system

F. Albarrán-Arriagada, Guillermo Romero, E. Solano +1 more

Quantum noise reduction below the shot-noise limit is a signature of light-matter quantum interaction. A limited amount of squeezing can be obtained along the transient evolution of a two-level system resonantly interacting with a harmonic mode. We propose the use of optimal quantum control over the two-level system to enhance the transient noise reduction in the bosonic mode in a system described by the Jaynes-Cummings model. Specifically, we propose the use of a sequence of Gaussian pulses in a time window where the dissipative effects are negligible. We find that the correct choice of pulse times can reduce the noise in the quadrature field mode well below the shot noise, reaching reductions of over 80%. As the Jaynes-Cummings model describes a pivotal light-matter quantum system, our approach for noise reduction provides an experimentally feasible protocol to produce a nontrivial amount of squeezing with current technology.

arXiv:2406.18693•Physical Review Research•May 8, 2025•3 citations

Quantum Hamiltonian theory of an electro-optical modulator

George P. Miroshnichenko, Artur V. Gleim

A Quantum Hamiltonian formalism is proposed for the description of an electro-optical modulator based on the linear Pockels effect. Optical photons interact with photons of a microwave mode in a combined high- Q cavity made of a LiNbO 3 crystal. The microwave photons occupy a coherent state, while optical photons have an arbitrary density matrix. The spectrum of a photodetected modulated signal is analyzed as a function of the frequency of a tunable optical filter. Numerical estimates are obtained, and quantum effects in the spectrum, such as the red shift of the central frequency and sidebands, the possibility of modulation of the optical signal by the microwave field vacuum, and the asymmetry of the intensity of the spectral sidebands, are discussed.

Optics and Spectroscopy•Jul 1, 2015•0 citations

Quantum model for traveling-wave electro-optical phase modulator

D. B. Horoshko, M. M. Eskandary, S. Ya. Kilin

We develop a quantum model of a traveling-wave electro-optical phase modulator by considering a parametric interaction of the optical and radiofrequency waves in the modulator medium by means of the electro-optic effect. The model includes a possible dispersion of the modulator medium in the optical domain. In the case of negligible dispersion, we derive a simple analytic expression for the evolution operator of the optical field, which has been proposed previously in the literature on the basis of an analogy to classical field transformation. We study by means of a perturbative approach the influence of small dispersion on the field evolution operator and formulate conditions of negligibility of modulator dispersion. We demonstrate the signature of dispersion in phase modulation: breaking the symmetry of sidebands with respect to the mean photon number. We obtain the law of transformation of a multimode coherent state by a phase modulator, which is important for understanding the structure of signal states in quantum cryptographic schemes utilizing phase modulation of coherent optical beams.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Oct 9, 2018•16 citations

Algebraic approach to electro-optic modulation of light: exactly solvable multimode quantum model

George P. Miroshnichenko, Alexei D. Kiselev, Alexander Trifanov +1 more

We theoretically study electro-optic light modulation based on a quantum model where the linear electro-optic effect and the externally applied microwave field result in the interaction between optical cavity modes. The model assumes that the number of interacting modes is finite, and effects of the mode overlapping coefficient on the strength of the intermode interaction can be taken into account through dependence of the coupling coefficient on the mode characteristics. We show that, under certain conditions, the model is exactly solvable and can be analyzed using the technique of the Jordan mappings for the su(2) Lie algebra. Analytical results are applied to study effects of light modulation on the frequency dependence of the photon counting rate. In contrast to the limiting case of an infinitely large number of interacting modes, when the number of interacting modes is finite, the sideband intensities reveal strongly nonmonotonic behavior supplemented with asymmetry of the intensity distribution provided the pumped mode is not central. We also analyze different regimes of two-modulator transmission and establish the conditions of validity of the semiclassical approximation by applying the methods of polynomially deformed Lie algebras for analysis of the model with quantized microwave field.

arXiv:1605.05770•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 19, 2017•35 citations

REDUCTION OF QUANTUM NOISE BY PHOTON CORRELATION

Li Yong-Qing, Yuzhu Wang, 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所

In this paper, the quantum theory of the measurement of the intensity difference between two light beams is analysed. The quantum noise can be reduced by increasing the photon correlation between two beams. For anti-Cauchy-Schwarz light, another type of nonclassical radiation fields, this quantum noise can be reduced to a level below the classical limit. The sub-shot noise may occur in DFWM between the conjugate wave and the transmit wave.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 1989•0 citations
We employ a time-dependent Hamiltonian and a time-dependent canonical transformation to investigate the possibility of reduction of quantum noise below the vacuum limit by electro-optical modulation of a coherent light field. It is shown that the amount of noise reduction depends on the time variation of the bias field in the electro-optical effect. Some illustrative examples yielding explicit results are considered, the present scenery constituting a practical realization of some theoretical models in the literature.
We present two experiment that demonstrate intensity noise reduction in light below the standard quantum noise level. A first experiment establishes a reduction of 86 % in the intensity difference noise spectrum of twin beams generated by an Optical Parametric Oscillator. The second experiment exploits this intensity correlation between the twin beams and uses one beam to electro-optically control the other, generating a single beam whose intensity noise is reduced 24 % below the shot noise level. General theories are presented for both processes using a semi-classical input-output formalism. Control configurations are examined where the noise reduction is effected directly from one beam to the other (feedforward), or indirectly through the pump beam (feedback). We determine the maximum amount of noise reduction that may be obtained from active control and detail for these configurations the limitations imposed by constraints of causality and stability. Finally, we demonstrate the equivalence of the semi-classical model with a "corpuscular" photon model in the small fluctuation limit, which we substantiate using Monte-Carlo simulation.
Quantum noise reduction below the shot-noise limit is a signature of light-matter quantum interaction. A limited amount of squeezing can be obtained along the transient evolution of a two-level system resonantly interacting with a harmonic mode. We propose the use of optimal quantum control over the two-level system to enhance the transient noise reduction in the bosonic mode in a system described by the Jaynes-Cummings model. Specifically, we propose the use of a sequence of Gaussian pulses in a time window where the dissipative effects are negligible. We find that the correct choice of pulse times can reduce the noise in the quadrature field mode well below the shot noise, reaching reductions of over 80%. As the Jaynes-Cummings model describes a pivotal light-matter quantum system, our approach for noise reduction provides an experimentally feasible protocol to produce a nontrivial amount of squeezing with current technology.
A Quantum Hamiltonian formalism is proposed for the description of an electro-optical modulator based on the linear Pockels effect. Optical photons interact with photons of a microwave mode in a combined high- Q cavity made of a LiNbO 3 crystal. The microwave photons occupy a coherent state, while optical photons have an arbitrary density matrix. The spectrum of a photodetected modulated signal is analyzed as a function of the frequency of a tunable optical filter. Numerical estimates are obtained, and quantum effects in the spectrum, such as the red shift of the central frequency and sidebands, the possibility of modulation of the optical signal by the microwave field vacuum, and the asymmetry of the intensity of the spectral sidebands, are discussed.
We develop a quantum model of a traveling-wave electro-optical phase modulator by considering a parametric interaction of the optical and radiofrequency waves in the modulator medium by means of the electro-optic effect. The model includes a possible dispersion of the modulator medium in the optical domain. In the case of negligible dispersion, we derive a simple analytic expression for the evolution operator of the optical field, which has been proposed previously in the literature on the basis of an analogy to classical field transformation. We study by means of a perturbative approach the influence of small dispersion on the field evolution operator and formulate conditions of negligibility of modulator dispersion. We demonstrate the signature of dispersion in phase modulation: breaking the symmetry of sidebands with respect to the mean photon number. We obtain the law of transformation of a multimode coherent state by a phase modulator, which is important for understanding the structure of signal states in quantum cryptographic schemes utilizing phase modulation of coherent optical beams.
We theoretically study electro-optic light modulation based on a quantum model where the linear electro-optic effect and the externally applied microwave field result in the interaction between optical cavity modes. The model assumes that the number of interacting modes is finite, and effects of the mode overlapping coefficient on the strength of the intermode interaction can be taken into account through dependence of the coupling coefficient on the mode characteristics. We show that, under certain conditions, the model is exactly solvable and can be analyzed using the technique of the Jordan mappings for the su(2) Lie algebra. Analytical results are applied to study effects of light modulation on the frequency dependence of the photon counting rate. In contrast to the limiting case of an infinitely large number of interacting modes, when the number of interacting modes is finite, the sideband intensities reveal strongly nonmonotonic behavior supplemented with asymmetry of the intensity distribution provided the pumped mode is not central. We also analyze different regimes of two-modulator transmission and establish the conditions of validity of the semiclassical approximation by applying the methods of polynomially deformed Lie algebras for analysis of the model with quantized microwave field.