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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Photon-echo quantum beats in a magnetic field

A. I. Alekseev, Ashat M. Basharov, V N Beloborodov

Published Dec 28, 1983• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical investigation is made of the specific polarisation rotation and the intensity quantum beats of the three-level stimulated photon echoes from a gas medium in a longitudinal magnetic field. These effects are found to be due to the precession of the atomic polarisation and magnetic moment. An interesting structure of the photon echoes in a strong magnetic field (which is also referred to as quantum beats) was discovered. An analysis of various types of photon-echo quantum beats in a magnetic field is given. It is shown that the use of the optimum polarisations of the exciting pulses gives rise to photon-echo quantum beats of a simple form. The results obtained allow the g factors and the total angular momenta of resonant atomic levels to be experimentally determined.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/16/24/024

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A theoretical investigation is made of the specific polarisation rotation and the intensity quantum beats of the three-level stimulated photon echoes from a gas medium in a longitudinal magnetic field. These effects are found to be due to the precession of the atomic polarisation and magnetic moment. An interesting structure of the photon echoes in a strong magnetic field (which is also referred to as quantum beats) was discovered. An analysis of various types of photon-echo quantum beats in a magnetic field is given. It is shown that the use of the optimum polarisations of the exciting pulses gives rise to photon-echo quantum beats of a simple form. The results obtained allow the g factors and the total angular momenta of resonant atomic levels to be experimentally determined.
The action of the longitudinal magnetic field on the collision-induced stimulated photon echo formed on the transition with the angular momentum change is studied theoretically. It is shown that this action depends essentially on the sign of the difference in the orientation and alignment relaxation rates of the excited level b. If , then the echo intensity in a weak magnetic field increases with the increase in the magnetic field strength, while in the alternative case it decreases up to zero value. The formulae enabling the determination of the magnitude of the difference from the experimental study of the oscillations of the echo intensity with the increase in the magnetic field strength are obtained.
We report observations of the rotation of the plane of polarization of photon echoes by a weak axial magnetic field. The echoes are generated on the 6S126{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}6S21​​ to 7P127{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}7P21​​ transition in cesium (4593 \AA{}) by a sequence of two collinear laser pulses polarized in the same direction. When a magnetic field is applied along the propagation axis the polarization vector of the echo is rotated from that of the exciting pulses. We measure the intensity of the photon echo signal polarized orthogonal to the excitation pulse polarization as a function of magnetic field and pulse separation. The theoretical analysis decribes cesium atoms as a nondegenerate multilevel system, consisting of ground and excited Zeeman-split hyperfine-structure levels. The theory presented predicts the observed dependence on magnetic field strength, pulse separation, and excited- and ground-state ggg factors. A novel method of observing photon echoes is described which uses the polarization rotation effect to replace electro-optical shutters often employed in photon echo experiments.
Polarization of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) at the 0 ↔ 1 transition in ytterbium vapors in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of 0–40 G is experimentally and theoretically studied. The SPE is generated using three light pulses with identical linear polarizations, so that the SPE polarization is the same at zero magnetic field. In the presence of a weak magnetic field, the SPE polarization vector rotates around the magnetic field vector and the depolarization of the SPE signal takes place. Each of the SPE polarization components exhibits biharmonic oscillations depending on the magnetic field. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, these oscillations vanish and the SPE becomes depolarized. The experimental data are in qualitative agreement with the results of the numerical calculations performed with the method of the evolution operator for the finite-duration excitation pulses. The application of the results for the processing of optical data is discussed.
Abstract Collision-induced stimulated photon echoes formed in a gaseous medium on the transition with the angular momentum change J a = 0 → J b = 1 under the action of ‘strong’ longitudinal magnetic field, when the echo pulse becomes unpolarized, are considered with an account of elastic depolarizing collisions. In the case of narrow spectral line the explicit expressions for the echo polarization density matrix and the degree of polarization are obtained. In the case of broad spectral line the results of the numeric calculations reproduce qualitatively the curve obtained in the experiments with ytterbium vapor.
A retrospective review of both theoretical and experimental works on photon echo in gases in the presence of longitudinal magnetic fields is presented from the viewpoint of new possibilities opened by this research for polarization echo spectroscopy of gases. The main attention is given to the physical scenario of the magnetic field’s effect on the properties of the photon echo. New results on the photon echo and stimulated photon echo in ytterbium vapor at the 1 ↔ 0 transition in the presence of the longitudinal magnetic field whose strength ranges from weak to strong are presented. Possible applications of the magnetic field effects for optical data storage and processing are analyzed.
The polarization properties of photon echoes in strong magnetic field, when the action of this field during the time of propagation of the exciting pulses and the echo signal through the resonant gaseous medium cannot be neglected, are studied theoretically. The photon echo polarization in strong magnetic field cannot be described by the polarization vector but rather by the polarization matrix. The degree of the photon echo polarization decreases with the increase of the magnetic field strength. The dependence of the photon echo intensity on the magnetic field strength was also analyzed numerically. In strong magnetic field the fast oscillations of this intensity appear to be damping and modulated by the slower ones. The spectrum of these oscillations depend also on the spectra of the exciting pulses, so that in case of small area of the first exciting pulse its temporal shape may be reconstructed from the oscillations of the echo intensity versus the magnetic field strength.