Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Effect of Laser Beam Diameter Variation in Saturated Absorption Spectra

Geol Moon, Heung-Sik Noh, Heung‐Ryoul Noh

Published Jul 10, 2008• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this study, we examined the effect of pump laser beam diameter on saturated absorption spectra. The rate equations describing the dynamics of the population of each sublevel were solved and the time evolution of the signals was obtained theoretically. With the exception of some signals, the experimental results showed good agreement with the calculated results, which were analyzed using the calculation based on rate equations. Furthermore, the beam diameter dependence of the spectra was examined for several pump beam intensities, and the results matched the calculated results.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.77.074301

Related papers

A comparison of the dependence of saturated absorption signals on pump beam diameter and intensity

Geol Moon, Heung‐Ryoul Noh

We studied the nonstationary phenomena for the saturated absorption spectra peaks of the 87Rb D2 line by varying the diameter and the intensity of a pump laser beam. We found that the dependence of the magnitude of the signals on the variation of the beam diameter was almost equivalent to that of the pump beam intensity both experimentally and theoretically. However, we observed that the signals for the cycling transition line Fg=2→Fe=3 were different from each other, which could be explained by the saturation effect. We compared the experimental results with theoretical calculations based on the rate equation model. We observed good agreement between them.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 21, 2008•16 citations

Analytic solutions for the saturated absorption spectra

Geol Moon, Heung‐Ryoul Noh

We present analytic solutions for saturated absorption spectra. The analytic forms of all the ground- and excited-state populations were obtained, and the absorption of a counterpropagating probe beam was calculated by solving the rate equations in the presence of a pump laser beam. The analytic solutions were compared with the numerical, experimental results, and Nakayama's model and good agreement was found between them. We found that the analytic theory could provide accurate spectra at an arbitrary pump beam intensity and diameter.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 10, 2008•54 citations

THE DEPENDENCE OF Cs SATURATED ABSORPTION SPECTRA ON THE INTENSITY OF PUMPING LIGHT

Jian-hua Gan, Xuzong Chen, LI YI-MIN +6 more

The dependence of Cs saturated absorption spectra on the intensity of pumping light, especially that of the spectrum of ６２Ｓ１／２Ｆ＝４→６２Ｐ３／２Ｆ′＝５, was measured and calculated. When the pumping light and probing light were linearly polarized, the relative magnitudes of the resonance signals were calculated by solving a set of rate equations with Runge-Kutta algorithm, taking into consideration the optical pumping process and the saturation in the Zee-man sublevels of the hyperfine structure. The theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 1996•1 citation

Optical pumping effects in high resolution laser spectroscopy

Shigeru Nakayama

A theoretical analysis of the relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals in saturation spectroscopy, velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) spectroscopy, polarization spectroscopy and a mixing of saturation and polarization spectroscopies is presented using the approximation of a single cycle of optical pumping in a four-level system. An optical pumping process in the Zeeman sublevels is taken into account owing to the important role of spontaneous emission even if the sublevels are degenerate. Arbitrary polarization combinations are considered for pump and probe beams. The similarities and differences between three kinds of spectroscopy are made clear. Both circular and linear optical anisotropies induced by the pump beam are considered in this theoretical calculation. The magnitude and sign of Doppler-free resonances in each spectroscopy are quite different owing to the polarizations of the pump and probe beams. The four-level system is important as a three-level approximation. The results obtained from the four-level optical pumping theory are in good agreement with experimental reports.

Physica Scripta•Jan 1, 1997•29 citations

A Simple Demonstration of Optical Pumping Effect

Wang Yu-zhu

Two sets of laser system are used, one as a probing beam, the other as an optical pumping beam, to analyze the population distribution of the magnetic sublevel. By scanning the frequency of the optical pumping beam at different frequency, the absorption spectrum is got, from which the population variation of some sublevel can be deduced.

Chinese Journal of Lasers•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations

Effect of optical pumping in saturated absorption spectroscopy: an analytic study for two-level atoms

Heung‐Ryoul Noh

We present the analytic solutions of the saturated absorption spectrum for an atomic medium composed of two-level atoms and describe the effects of saturation and optical pumping on the spectrum. The background-subtracted Doppler-free spectrum is Lorentzian-shaped with an amplitude and width given by 1 − {1 + s 0 [1 + (γ 2 t /2)]} −1/2 and γ t [1 + {1 + s 0 [1 + (γ 2 t /2)]} 1/2 ], respectively, where γ t is the transverse decay rate, γ 2 is the decay rate to energy levels other than the ground state, s 0 is the saturation parameter and t is the interaction time of the atoms with laser beams. Analytic results are compared with numerical results and show good agreement with one another. This paper is intended for graduate students who have started to study basic atomic physics.

European Journal of Physics•Aug 14, 2009•13 citations
In this study, we examined the effect of pump laser beam diameter on saturated absorption spectra. The rate equations describing the dynamics of the population of each sublevel were solved and the time evolution of the signals was obtained theoretically. With the exception of some signals, the experimental results showed good agreement with the calculated results, which were analyzed using the calculation based on rate equations. Furthermore, the beam diameter dependence of the spectra was examined for several pump beam intensities, and the results matched the calculated results.
We studied the nonstationary phenomena for the saturated absorption spectra peaks of the 87Rb D2 line by varying the diameter and the intensity of a pump laser beam. We found that the dependence of the magnitude of the signals on the variation of the beam diameter was almost equivalent to that of the pump beam intensity both experimentally and theoretically. However, we observed that the signals for the cycling transition line Fg=2→Fe=3 were different from each other, which could be explained by the saturation effect. We compared the experimental results with theoretical calculations based on the rate equation model. We observed good agreement between them.
We present analytic solutions for saturated absorption spectra. The analytic forms of all the ground- and excited-state populations were obtained, and the absorption of a counterpropagating probe beam was calculated by solving the rate equations in the presence of a pump laser beam. The analytic solutions were compared with the numerical, experimental results, and Nakayama's model and good agreement was found between them. We found that the analytic theory could provide accurate spectra at an arbitrary pump beam intensity and diameter.
The dependence of Cs saturated absorption spectra on the intensity of pumping light, especially that of the spectrum of ６２Ｓ１／２Ｆ＝４→６２Ｐ３／２Ｆ′＝５, was measured and calculated. When the pumping light and probing light were linearly polarized, the relative magnitudes of the resonance signals were calculated by solving a set of rate equations with Runge-Kutta algorithm, taking into consideration the optical pumping process and the saturation in the Zee-man sublevels of the hyperfine structure. The theoretical calculations were in good agreement with the experimental results.
A theoretical analysis of the relative intensities of the Doppler-free signals in saturation spectroscopy, velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) spectroscopy, polarization spectroscopy and a mixing of saturation and polarization spectroscopies is presented using the approximation of a single cycle of optical pumping in a four-level system. An optical pumping process in the Zeeman sublevels is taken into account owing to the important role of spontaneous emission even if the sublevels are degenerate. Arbitrary polarization combinations are considered for pump and probe beams. The similarities and differences between three kinds of spectroscopy are made clear. Both circular and linear optical anisotropies induced by the pump beam are considered in this theoretical calculation. The magnitude and sign of Doppler-free resonances in each spectroscopy are quite different owing to the polarizations of the pump and probe beams. The four-level system is important as a three-level approximation. The results obtained from the four-level optical pumping theory are in good agreement with experimental reports.
We present the analytic solutions of the saturated absorption spectrum for an atomic medium composed of two-level atoms and describe the effects of saturation and optical pumping on the spectrum. The background-subtracted Doppler-free spectrum is Lorentzian-shaped with an amplitude and width given by 1 − {1 + s 0 [1 + (γ 2 t /2)]} −1/2 and γ t [1 + {1 + s 0 [1 + (γ 2 t /2)]} 1/2 ], respectively, where γ t is the transverse decay rate, γ 2 is the decay rate to energy levels other than the ground state, s 0 is the saturation parameter and t is the interaction time of the atoms with laser beams. Analytic results are compared with numerical results and show good agreement with one another. This paper is intended for graduate students who have started to study basic atomic physics.