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Physical Review Letters

Anomalous Stimulated Brillouin Scattering via Ultraslow Light

Andrey B. Matsko, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, Michael Fleischhauer, Marlan O. Scully

Published Mar 5, 2001• 60 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an ultradispersive coherent medium, and show that the properties of SBS change drastically when the group velocity of light in the material approaches or becomes less than the speed of sound. In particular, forward SBS not allowed in a dispersionless bulk medium takes place in the coherent medium.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.86.2006

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We study stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an ultradispersive coherent medium, and show that the properties of SBS change drastically when the group velocity of light in the material approaches or becomes less than the speed of sound. In particular, forward SBS not allowed in a dispersionless bulk medium takes place in the coherent medium.
The manipulation of the group velocity of optical signals (slow and fast light) has many possible applications in telecommunications, sensing, nonlinear optics, and so on. The exploitation of the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is of special interest for the alteration of the group velocity in optical fibers, since it just requires standard telecom equipment and low-to-moderate optical power. However, each delay in one single, low-gain SBS-based slow-light system is accompanied by a pulse broadening. This is a result of the inherent Kramers–Kronig relations among the gain, the phase change, and the accompanied group velocity. For an ideal flat gain, the phase change is nonideal, and for an ideal phase change the gain curve leads to a broadening. Furthermore, if the gain bandwidth is adapted to the signal by broadening, the delay will be reduced. Thus the signal broadening can be reduced by several methods for one single low-gain slow-light system, but it cannot be zero. Here, we will show how a zero-broadening SBS-based slow light can be achieved with several methods. The basic idea is a reshaping of the original pulse in a second stage by saturation of the SBS system, or by the superposition of two gains. As will be shown, all of these systems show an almost ideal overall gain and phase function over the bandwidth of the pulses. Thus, SBS-based slow light with a delay bandwidth product of 1 bit and zero distortion is possible.
In today's information age demand for ultra-fast information transfer with ultra-high bandwidths has reached extraordinary levels. Hence, the transmission in the future internet-backbone will be increasingly constrained in the network nodes. At the same time, the power consumption of the network systems will increase to unsustainable levels.\nNowadays, optical signal processing and switching can be implemented relatively easily. However, the realization of optical bu ers and short-term memories is still an unsolved challenge. The slow- and fast-light e ect has been investigated as one solution for the optical bu ering over the last few years. It means the slowing down and acceleration of the group velocity of light pulses in a medium. To realize this, many di erent methods and material systems have been developed but due to its signi cant advantages the nonlinear e ect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is particularly promising. However, it also su ers from disadvantages which limit the slow- and fast-light performance.
The possibility of forming a stable optical-acoustic soliton in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency has been analyzed under the condition that the group velocity of light in a medium with stimulated Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering decreases to the speed of sound. This possibility exists because the forward Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in a nondispersive medium, is allowed under this condition. The optical component is an envelope pulse, and the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. It has been shown that such a soliton can be formed for anomalously low input intensities of the optical pulse.
Acousto-optic soliton generation via stimulated Brillouin self-scattering is predicted for light propagating at the speed of sound under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. As in stimulated Raman self-scattering, the frequency of the electromagnetic component is gradually Stokes shifted as its intensity increases; the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. This phenomenon is explained by the possibility of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in nondispersive media. In contrast to stimulated Raman self-scattering, the Stokes shift of the electromagnetic component approaches a constant limit after the pulse has propagated to a certain distance. It is shown that the predicted soliton generation does not involve any threshold condition and can occur at extremely low input pulse intensities.
Slow- and Fast-Light has been investigated during the last years as a powerful tool to reduce and increase the group velocity of light pulses by light. It has enjoyed much recent interest because of the practical applications for telecommunication and information systems. Among these are optical signal processing, radio frequency-photonics, nonlinear optics and time domain spectroscopy. Furthermore, it can be seen as a key technology for optical delay lines, buffers, equalizers and synchronizers in packet switched networks. For a realization, there are different methods and material systems possible. Among them the nonlinear effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is of special interest. This article gives an overview about the fundamentals and some experimental results of the Slow- and Fast-Light effect based on the SBS in optical fibers.