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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Optical-acoustic soliton under the conditions of slow light and stimulated Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering

С. В. Сазонов

Published Mar 1, 2005• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibility of forming a stable optical-acoustic soliton in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency has been analyzed under the condition that the group velocity of light in a medium with stimulated Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering decreases to the speed of sound. This possibility exists because the forward Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in a nondispersive medium, is allowed under this condition. The optical component is an envelope pulse, and the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. It has been shown that such a soliton can be formed for anomalously low input intensities of the optical pulse.

DOI
10.1134/1.1921315

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The possibility of forming a stable optical-acoustic soliton in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency has been analyzed under the condition that the group velocity of light in a medium with stimulated Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering decreases to the speed of sound. This possibility exists because the forward Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in a nondispersive medium, is allowed under this condition. The optical component is an envelope pulse, and the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. It has been shown that such a soliton can be formed for anomalously low input intensities of the optical pulse.
Acousto-optic soliton generation via stimulated Brillouin self-scattering is predicted for light propagating at the speed of sound under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. As in stimulated Raman self-scattering, the frequency of the electromagnetic component is gradually Stokes shifted as its intensity increases; the acoustic component has no carrier frequency. This phenomenon is explained by the possibility of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, which is forbidden in nondispersive media. In contrast to stimulated Raman self-scattering, the Stokes shift of the electromagnetic component approaches a constant limit after the pulse has propagated to a certain distance. It is shown that the predicted soliton generation does not involve any threshold condition and can occur at extremely low input pulse intensities.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is generation of a narrow window in which electromagnetic field absorption is inhibited. Experimentally, a probe tuned to a certain absorption wavelength is allowed to transmit through a gaseous vapor only in the presence of a second control laser. In other words, a probe is forbidden to cause an excitation from one energy level to another through coherent coupling with a third, intermediate energy level that creates an interference pathway. In this study, Brillouin scattering analogue of EIT is demonstrated using the two optical modes that are coupled through a phase matched acoustic mode. The coherent coupling of two energy levels is emulated by the acousto-optic interaction of Brillouin scattering. The probe phase response is analyzed to estimate BSIT's effect on the velocity of light pulse. As BSIT modifies the dispersion of light, it is understood as either slowing or advancing light propagation depending on the sign of the slope of the probe phase response. Lastly, the non-reciprocity of Brillouin scattering is theoretically considered. The non-reciprocity, or a break in time reversal symmetry, is a unique property of Brillouin scattering process due to the traveling surface acoustic wave which is used for phase matching the optical modes. Therefore, BSIT can be used for applications such as optical isolation while no other transparency systems can.
Group-velocity mismatch between the pump and Stokes pulses and the inertia of optical nonlinearity are shown to modify scenarios of slow-light evolution of laser pulses accompanying stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering (SRS and SBS) of light. In the transient regime of SRS and SBS, the inertia of nonlinear polarization of a medium shifts the peak of an amplified Stokes field envelope relative to the input Stokes pulse. This shift is sensitive to the shape of input laser pulses and is controlled by the SRS and/or SBS gain, the damping time of the optical phonon wave, and the delay time between the input pump and Stokes pulses. In the regime where both the inertia of nonlinear polarization of an SRS medium and group-delay effects are significant, stationary modes of the Stokes field may exist in the frame of reference propagating with the group velocity of the pump field. The maximum group delay attainable for such modes of the Stokes field is limited, similar to the steady-state regime, by the ratio of the steady-state SRS gain to the Raman gain bandwidth.
We demonstrate the possibility of drastically reducing the velocity of phonons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. Our scheme consists of a dilute dark soliton ``gas'' that provide the trapping for the impurities that surround the condensate. We tune the interaction between the impurities and the condensate particles in such a way that the dark solitons result in an array of qutrits (three-level structures). We compute the phonon-soliton coupling and investigate the decay rates of these three-level qutrits inside the condensate. As such, we are able to reproduce the phenomenon of acoustic transparency based purely on matter-wave phononics, in analogy with the electromagnetically induced transparency effect in quantum optics. Thanks to the unique properties of transmission and dispersion of dark solitons, we show that the speed of an acoustic pulse can be brought down to \ensuremath{\sim}5 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$/s, \ensuremath{\sim}103{10}^{3}103 times lower than the condensate sound speed. This is a value that greatly underdoes most of the reported studies for phononic platforms. We believe the present work could pave the stage for a new generation of ``stopped-sound''-based quantum information protocols.