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Quantum Electronics

Cascade frequency generation regime in an optical parametric oscillator

Dmitry B. Kolker, А. К. Дмитриев, Pavel Gorelik, Franko Vong, J.‐J. Zondy

Published May 31, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In a parametric oscillator of a special two-sectional design based on a lithium niobate periodic structure, a cascade frequency generation regime was observed in which a signal wave pumped a secondary parametric oscillator, producing secondary signal and idler waves. The secondary parametric oscillator can be tuned in a broad range of ∼200 nm with respect to a fixed wavelength of the primary idler wave.

DOI
10.1070/qe2009v039n05abeh013913

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In a parametric oscillator of a special two-sectional design based on a lithium niobate periodic structure, a cascade frequency generation regime was observed in which a signal wave pumped a secondary parametric oscillator, producing secondary signal and idler waves. The secondary parametric oscillator can be tuned in a broad range of ∼200 nm with respect to a fixed wavelength of the primary idler wave.
A single-frequency optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating in the wavelength range around 2 µm is reported. The OPO comprises a periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) crystal for quasi-phase matching and a four-mirror ring-cavity resonant to the signal. The OPO signal and idler are tuned from 1.89 to 2.05 µm and from 2.21 to 2.42 µm, respectively, by changing the crystal temperature. Output powers in excess of 2 W are demonstrated at a pump power of 9 W for both the signal and idler over all of the respective tuning ranges. A detailed characterization of the intensity and frequency noise is presented. The OPO exhibits an integrated intensity noise below 0.1% and a linewidth of ∼58 kHz for an observation time of 1 ms. The reported performance makes this source an ideal candidate for the generation of squeezed light around 2 µm via cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) and parametric downconversion (PDC).
We report on wavelength-shifting based on cascaded second-order nonlinearities1 in periodically-poled lithium niobate. Wavelength shifting from a signal s at λs=λp+Δ to a frequency-shifted signal f at λf=λp−Δ is obtained under the action of a pump p at λp: the effect is realized through the generation of the second harmonic (sh) of p and subsequent parametric amplification of s driven by sh. In the latter process f is also generated. Exploiting the advantages of quasi-phase-matching, efficient shifting is achieved at pump intensities about two orders of magnitude lower than in traditional second-order materials such as BBO.2
A 106μm all-solid-state single frequency Nd∶YVO4 laser was explored to pump a triply resonant optical parametrie oscillator(OPO) based on the periodically poled lithium niobate. When the OPO operated near degeneracy, the amplitude fluctuation correlation of the signal and idler modes was observed as their wavelengths were separated about 200nm. The measured squeezing is 04dB. The amplitude fluctuation correlation existed in a range of 17nm as we tuned the wavelengths of the signal and idler by change the crystal temperature.
A two-stage periodically poled lithium niobate parametric amplifier is used to boost the idler wave energy by almost a factor of three near the degenerate wavelength of the second stage. For nondegenerate values, the idler wave energy is boosted by a factor of two. Our experimental results validate a numerical model that includes arbitrary beam profiles, beam walkoff, pump depletion, and optical elements between crystals. Experimental performance of the whole system was found to be much more stable over a wide range of temperatures due to noncollinear phase-matching conditions in the second stage.
Frequency multiplexed photon pair generation has been actively studied for efficient and large-scale photonic quantum information processing [1-3]. In these demonstrations, photon pair generators were realized by using an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) far below threshold; a nonlinear optical medium was inside or integrated with an optical cavity, and a sufficiently weak pump light for the photon pair generation was used. However, to the best of our knowledge, all of the previous demonstrations for frequency multiplexed photon pair generation have used a doubly-resonant OPO which confines both the signal and the idler photons, or a triply-resonant OPO which additionally confines the pump light. In this study, we demonstrate a frequency multiplexed photon pair generation based on a singly-resonant (SR) OPO configuration which confines only one half of the photon pair. We used a periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide as a monolithically-integrated quadratic nonlinear waveguide resonator; dielectric multilayers are directly formed at the end faces of the PPLN waveguide such that only the signal photon around 1600 nm of the photon pair is confined in the resonator and the idler photon around 1522 nm and the pump light at 780 nm are not confined. In the SR photon pair, in spite of no cavity configuration for the idler photons, not only the signal photons but also the idler photons have comb-like spectra as if both of them are confined in the cavity. In addition, there is not missing teeth region observed in multiple resonant OPO configuration known as the cluster effect [4,5]. As a result, a wide-band frequency multiplexed photon pair generation can be possible. The photon pair generator will be useful for an efficient photonic quantum information processing and a frequency-domain photon manipulation with the use of frequency-domain optical elements [6-9].