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Biological Chemistry

Memory and neural networks on the basis of color centers in solids

Albrecht Winnacker, Andres Osvet

Published Sep 13, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Optical data recording is one of the most widely used and efficient systems of memory in the non-living world. The application of color centers in this context offers not only systems of high speed in writing and read-out due to a high degree of parallelism in data handling but also a possibility to set up models of neural networks. In this way, systems with a high potential for image processing, pattern recognition and logical operations can be constructed. A limitation to storage density is given by the diffraction limit of optical data recording. It is shown that this limitation can at least in principle be overcome by the principle of spectral hole burning, which results in systems of storage capacities close to the human brain system.

DOI
10.1515/bc.2009.134

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Optical data recording is one of the most widely used and efficient systems of memory in the non-living world. The application of color centers in this context offers not only systems of high speed in writing and read-out due to a high degree of parallelism in data handling but also a possibility to set up models of neural networks. In this way, systems with a high potential for image processing, pattern recognition and logical operations can be constructed. A limitation to storage density is given by the diffraction limit of optical data recording. It is shown that this limitation can at least in principle be overcome by the principle of spectral hole burning, which results in systems of storage capacities close to the human brain system.
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The persistent spectral hole burning property is known to add a fourth dimension to the optical data storage volume. Full advantage of the large capacity of such memories and of the intrinsic parallelism due to their optical nature can be taken in an application such as image storage. In this frame, the read-out operation has to be effected at video rate at least. This is not achieved by currently developed image-addressing methods. The present paper proposes a new procedure to overcome the so far encountered limitations.
One of the most attractive features of an optical memory is its ability to write and read data in a bit-parallel format, giving rise to theoretically very high (in excess of 1 Gbps) data transfer rates. However, such a potential has not been demonstrated experimentally because of various inherent technical difficulties associated with existing optical storage techniques. In a photorefractive or a persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) memory, for example, the time required to record one page varies from a fraction of a second to several seconds.1-3 For a page containing 1000 × 1000 bits of data, it translates to a bandwidth of approximately 1 Mbps, substantially slower than any existing semiconductor memories.
Optimistic estimates put the limits for PSHB storage up to 1012 bits per cm2 (i.e. 104 spectral holes per each diffraction limited surface pixel of the size of λ·λ=10-8 cm2, λ- wavelength) or 1016 bits per cm3 for a volume storage memory (cell size λ·λ·λ=1012 cm3). Energy transfer between impurities destroys the storage. Interaction is absent at low concentrations, however, the latter may result in critical decrease of the number of impurity moleculess available to burn a hole at a fixed wavelength at a fixed spatial spot. If we assume concentration of non-interacting impurities 1018 molecules per cm3, and the storage density of 1012 bits per cm2 or 1016 bits per cm3, there is only 100 molecules on average to store one bit of information. It is a too small amount because of the fluctuations of the number of molecules per cell [1,2] and references therein.
Summary form only given.Optical spectral hole-burning has demonstrated the ability to achieve high-capacity, high-speed data storage. Unfortunately, widespread application of this technique has been limited by the requirement for low temperature operation. To circumvent this problem, we have been investigating the possibility of using Raman-excited spin coherences to store and recall optical data. The motivation is that optical Raman excitation allows storage densities and response times characteristic of optical hole-burning memories, but because it is based on long-lived spin coherences, it can maintain these characteristics at much higher operating temperatures. For the initial experiments we chose to use N-V color centers in diamond as the Raman hole-burning material because it is comparatively well studied.