Superfluidity without a Bose condensate
S. I. Shevchenko
We have developed a microscopic theory of superfluidity in a two-dimensional, slightly nonideal Bose gas. The theory is rooted in the fact that a number of bosons are concentrated in the small momentum region at low temperatures when the interaction is weak, in spite of the fact that there is no Bose condensate in the two-dimensional case when T≠0. This fact lets us reduce the description of the system from one employing creation ak+ and annihilation ak operators for bosons to one based on combinations of these operators ρk and φk(ρk = S−1Σqaq+aq+k, φk· = −(i/ns) Σ(kq/k2 + l)aq+aq+k, where n is the boson density, and S is the area of the system). The description in terms of ρk and φk is simple because the hamiltonian is quadratic with respect to ρk and φk. The operators ρk and φk can also be used to express the occupation number Nk = ak+ak and current operators. We find the elementary excitation spectrum (which is identical to the Bogolyubov spectrum) and the momentum distribution of the bosons. We calculate the normal density due to thermal oscillations in the Bose gas and to interactions with impurity centers in the substrate.
Soviet Journal of Low Temperature Physics•Oct 1, 1983•1 citation