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Springer eBooks

Sub-Shot-Noise Measurements and Quantum-repeater Using Quantum Correlated Twin Beams

Kunchi Peng, Hai Wang, Jiangrui Gao, Yun Zhang, Hong Te Su, Xiaoying Li, Qing Pan, Changde Xie

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-662-07313-1_6

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Quantum-intensity-correlated twin beams of light can be used to measure absorption with precision beyond the classical shot-noise limit. The degree to which this can be achieved with a given estimator is defined by the quality of the twin-beam intensity correlations, which is quantified by the noise reduction factor. We derive an analytical model of twin-beam experiments, incorporating experimental parameters such as the relative detection efficiency of the beams, uncorrelated optical noise, and uncorrelated detector noise. We show that for twin beams without excessive noise, measured correlations can be improved by increasing the detection efficiency of each beam; notwithstanding, this may unbalance detection efficiency. However, for beams with excess intensity or other experimental noise, one should balance detection efficiency, even at the cost of reducing detection efficiency—we specifically define these noise conditions and verify our results with statistical simulation. This has application in design and optimization of absorption spectroscopy and imaging experiments.
Quantum interference of twin optical beams, a typical example of correlated boson fields, is of great interest from the viewpoint of both fundamental and applied physics. Intensity correlated optical beams and their quantum interference bring the possibility of performing sub-shot-noise interferometry experiments which yield high-sensitivity in practical applications. A type-II doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) has been built for research in quantum optics, to provide a source of ultrastable quantum correlated (twin) optical beams with continuously tunable frequency difference from zero up to several THz. Three servo loops have been built to control the frequency difference of the twin optical beams and sub-hertz stability has been achieved for frequency difference up to 100MHz. In particular, frequency degenerate twin beams are indistinguishable macroscopic quantum systems. A series of experimental results has been produced with these OPO-generated ultrastable twin beams: the observation of the generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of untrastable twin optical beams, sub-shot-noise homodyne interferometry, and sub-shot-noise heterodyne polarimetry. Note: Abstract extracted from PDF text
We demonstrate sub-shot-noise photon-number correlations in a (temporal) multimode mesoscopic ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}$ detected photons) twin beam produced by picosecond-pulsed spontaneous nondegenerate parametric down-conversion. We have separately detected the signal and idler distributions of photons collected in twin coherence areas and found that the variance of the photon-count difference goes below the shot-noise limit by 3.25dB3.25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}3.25dB. The number of temporal modes contained in the twin beam, as well as the size of the twin coherence areas, depends on the pump intensity. Our scheme is based on spontaneous down-conversion and thus does not suffer from limitations due to the finite gain of the parametric process. Twin beams are also used to demonstrate the conditional preparation of a nonclassical (sub-Poissonian) state.